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Abstract
Here we describe a protocol for advanced CUBIC (Clear, Unobstructed Brain/Body Imaging
Cocktails and Computational analysis). The CUBIC protocol enables simple and efficient
organ clearing, rapid imaging by light-sheet microscopy and quantitative imaging analysis
of multiple samples. The organ or body is cleared by immersion for 1-14 d, with the
exact time required dependent on the sample type and the experimental purposes. A
single imaging set can be completed in 30-60 min. Image processing and analysis can
take <1 d, but it is dependent on the number of samples in the data set. The CUBIC
clearing protocol can process multiple samples simultaneously. We previously used
CUBIC to image whole-brain neural activities at single-cell resolution using Arc-dVenus
transgenic (Tg) mice. CUBIC informatics calculated the Venus signal subtraction, comparing
different brains at a whole-organ scale. These protocols provide a platform for organism-level
systems biology by comprehensively detecting cells in a whole organ or body.
A long-standing goal of biology is to map the behavior of all cells during vertebrate embryogenesis. We developed digital scanned laser light sheet fluorescence microscopy and recorded nuclei localization and movement in entire wild-type and mutant zebrafish embryos over the first 24 hours of development. Multiview in vivo imaging at 1.5 billion voxels per minute provides "digital embryos," that is, comprehensive databases of cell positions, divisions, and migratory tracks. Our analysis of global cell division patterns reveals a maternally defined initial morphodynamic symmetry break, which identifies the embryonic body axis. We further derive a model of germ layer formation and show that the mesendoderm forms from one-third of the embryo's cells in a single event. Our digital embryos, with 55 million nucleus entries, are provided as a resource.
We report a water-based optical clearing agent, SeeDB, which clears fixed brain samples in a few days without quenching many types of fluorescent dyes, including fluorescent proteins and lipophilic neuronal tracers. Our method maintained a constant sample volume during the clearing procedure, an important factor for keeping cellular morphology intact, and facilitated the quantitative reconstruction of neuronal circuits. Combined with two-photon microscopy and an optimized objective lens, we were able to image the mouse brain from the dorsal to the ventral side. We used SeeDB to describe the near-complete wiring diagram of sister mitral cells associated with a common glomerulus in the mouse olfactory bulb. We found the diversity of dendrite wiring patterns among sister mitral cells, and our results provide an anatomical basis for non-redundant odor coding by these neurons. Our simple and efficient method is useful for imaging intact morphological architecture at large scales in both the adult and developing brains.
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