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      Association of atherogenic indices with myocardial damage and mortality in COVID-19

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          Abstract

          Background

          Lipoproteins in cell membranes are related to membrane stability and play a role against microorganisms. Patients with COVID-19 often experience myocyte membrane damage.

          Objective

          This study aimed to search the relationship of atherogenic indices with myocardial damage and mortality in COVID-19.

          Methods

          This was an observational, single-center, retrospective study. The study population was grouped according to in-hospital mortality. C-reactive protein (CRP), CRP to albumin ratio (CAR), monocyte to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were recorded. Atherogenic indices (plasma atherogenic index [AIP], atherogenic coefficient [AC], Castelli’s risk indices I and II [CRI I and II], triglyceride to HDLc ratio (THR) were calculated.

          Results

          A total of 783 patients were included. The mortality rate was 15.45% (n = 121). The median age of non-survivor group (NSG) was higher than survivor group (SG) [66.0 years (Q1 –Q3: 55.0–77.5) vs 54.0 years (Q1 –Q3: 43.0–63.0)] (p < 0.001). Study parameters which were measured significantly higher in the NSG were CRP, cTnI, triglyceride, CRI-I, CRI-II, AC, AIP, ferritin, CAR, MHR and THR. LDLc, HDLc, TC and albumin were significantly lower in NSG (p<0.001).

          Conclusion

          THR is positively correlated with myocardial damage and strongly predicts in-hospital mortality in COVID-19.

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          Most cited references38

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          Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

          Summary Background A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, was caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). We report the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of these patients. Methods All patients with suspected 2019-nCoV were admitted to a designated hospital in Wuhan. We prospectively collected and analysed data on patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by real-time RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing. Data were obtained with standardised data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium from electronic medical records. Researchers also directly communicated with patients or their families to ascertain epidemiological and symptom data. Outcomes were also compared between patients who had been admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those who had not. Findings By Jan 2, 2020, 41 admitted hospital patients had been identified as having laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection. Most of the infected patients were men (30 [73%] of 41); less than half had underlying diseases (13 [32%]), including diabetes (eight [20%]), hypertension (six [15%]), and cardiovascular disease (six [15%]). Median age was 49·0 years (IQR 41·0–58·0). 27 (66%) of 41 patients had been exposed to Huanan seafood market. One family cluster was found. Common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (40 [98%] of 41 patients), cough (31 [76%]), and myalgia or fatigue (18 [44%]); less common symptoms were sputum production (11 [28%] of 39), headache (three [8%] of 38), haemoptysis (two [5%] of 39), and diarrhoea (one [3%] of 38). Dyspnoea developed in 22 (55%) of 40 patients (median time from illness onset to dyspnoea 8·0 days [IQR 5·0–13·0]). 26 (63%) of 41 patients had lymphopenia. All 41 patients had pneumonia with abnormal findings on chest CT. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome (12 [29%]), RNAaemia (six [15%]), acute cardiac injury (five [12%]) and secondary infection (four [10%]). 13 (32%) patients were admitted to an ICU and six (15%) died. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients had higher plasma levels of IL2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα. Interpretation The 2019-nCoV infection caused clusters of severe respiratory illness similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and was associated with ICU admission and high mortality. Major gaps in our knowledge of the origin, epidemiology, duration of human transmission, and clinical spectrum of disease need fulfilment by future studies. Funding Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission.
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            Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

            In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
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              World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curationRole: Supervision
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS One
                plos
                PLOS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                16 May 2024
                2024
                : 19
                : 5
                : e0302984
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey
                [2 ] Istanbul Bahcelievler State Hospital Department of Cardiology, Bahcelievler/Istanbul, Turkey
                [3 ] Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Gorukle/Bursa, Turkey
                Kerman University of Medical Sciences Physiology Research Center, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0012-345X
                Article
                PONE-D-23-42062
                10.1371/journal.pone.0302984
                11098497
                38753890
                feb0d45b-370c-4990-8c3a-6c7249947180
                © 2024 Gunay-Polatkan et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 7 January 2024
                : 15 April 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Pages: 11
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                C-Reactive Proteins
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Medical Conditions
                Infectious Diseases
                Viral Diseases
                Covid 19
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Lipids
                Cholesterol
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Lipoproteins
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Albumins
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Cytoskeletal Proteins
                Troponin
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Lipids
                Lipid Profiles
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Population Biology
                Population Metrics
                Death Rates
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
                COVID-19

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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