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      Earliest known funerary rites in Wallacea after the last glacial maximum

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      1 , 2 , , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 1 , 2 , 12 , 12 , 12 , 13 , 13 , 1 , 14 , 1 , 10 , 15 , 15 , 3 , 15 , 16 , 1 , 2
      Scientific Reports
      Nature Publishing Group UK
      Palaeoecology, Stable isotope analysis, Archaeology, Cultural evolution, Social evolution, Evolution, Ecology, Environmental sciences, Ecology, Climate-change ecology, Palaeoecology, Stable isotope analysis

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          Abstract

          The insular region of Wallacea has become a focal point for studying Pleistocene human ecological and cultural adaptations in island environments, however, little is understood about early burial traditions during the Pleistocene. Here we investigate maritime interactions and burial practices at Ratu Mali 2, an elevated coastal cave site on the small island of Kisar in the Lesser Sunda Islands of eastern Indonesia dated to 15,500–3700 cal. BP. This multidisciplinary study demonstrates extreme marine dietary adaptations, engagement with an extensive exchange network across open seas, and early mortuary practices. A flexed male and a female, interred in a single grave with abundant shellfish and obsidian at Ratu Mali 2 by 14.7 ka are the oldest known human burials in Wallacea with established funerary rites. These findings highlight the impressive flexibility of our species in marginal environments and provide insight into the earliest known ritualised treatment of the dead in Wallacea.

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          Bayesian Analysis of Radiocarbon Dates

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            Deposition models for chronological records

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              Strontium Isotopes from the Earth to the Archaeological Skeleton: A Review

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                stuart.hawkins@anu.edu.au
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                2 January 2024
                2 January 2024
                2024
                : 14
                : 282
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.1001.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2180 7477, Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, , Australian National University, ; Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
                [2 ]GRID grid.1001.0, ISNI 0000 0001 2180 7477, ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific, , Australian National University, ; Acton, ACT 2601 Australia
                [3 ]Departemen Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas of Gadjah Mada, ( https://ror.org/03ke6d638) Yogyakarta, Indonesia
                [4 ]Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, ( https://ror.org/01jmxt844) P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
                [5 ]Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, ( https://ror.org/02sc3r913) Nathan, QLD Australia
                [6 ]BioArch South, Waitati, 9085 New Zealand
                [7 ]Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology DE, ( https://ror.org/00js75b59) Jena, Germany
                [8 ]isoTROPIC Research Group, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, ( https://ror.org/00js75b59) Jena, Germany
                [9 ]Commission for Archaeology of Non-European Cultures, German Archaeological Institute Division of Germany, Berlin, Germany
                [10 ]ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, College of Arts, Society, and Education, James Cook University, ( https://ror.org/04gsp2c11) Cairns, QLD 4870 Australia
                [11 ]Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, ( https://ror.org/02sc3r913) Southport, QLD 4222 Australia
                [12 ]Centre for Trace Element Analysis, Department of Geology, University of Otago, ( https://ror.org/01jmxt844) Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
                [13 ]Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, ( https://ror.org/01jmxt844) Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
                [14 ]Geoarchaeology and Archaeometry Research Group (GARG), Southern Cross University, ( https://ror.org/001xkv632) Lismore, NSW Australia
                [15 ]Balai Arkeologi Maluku, JI. Namalatu-Latuhalat, Ambon, Indonesia
                [16 ]Organisasi Riset Arkeologi Bahasa dan Sastra, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, ( https://ror.org/02hmjzt55) Jakarta, Indonesia
                Article
                50294
                10.1038/s41598-023-50294-y
                10762057
                38168501
                fea399b1-1bf8-46a0-b32b-076aab016776
                © The Author(s) 2024

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 16 May 2023
                : 18 December 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000923, Australian Research Council;
                Award ID: DE200100133
                Award ID: FL120100156
                Award ID: FL120100156
                Award Recipient :
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                © Springer Nature Limited 2024

                Uncategorized
                palaeoecology,stable isotope analysis,archaeology,cultural evolution,social evolution,evolution,ecology,environmental sciences,climate-change ecology

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