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      Síndrome mielodisplásico: I. Biología y clínica Translated title: Myelodysplastic syndrome: I. Biology and Clinic

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          Abstract

          Los síndromes mielodisplásicos (SMD) constituyen un grupo de trastornos clonales caracterizados por citopenias progresivas y dishematopoyesis. La etiología de los SMD primarios es desconocida y los secundarios pueden deberse al uso de agentes antineoplásicos, productos químicos y en los niños, se asocian con enfermedades constitucionales. Sus características biológicas generales incluyen las alteraciones de la hematopoyesis, que pueden ir acompañadas por alteraciones citogenéticas, moleculares e inmunológicas. Para el diagnóstico es necesario que la dishematopoyesis afecte, al menos, el 10 % de las células en cada una de las series. En el 80 % de las biopsias de médula ósea se observan signos de dismegacariopoyesis y desorganización en la arquitectura hematopoyética habitual. Recientemente se ha planteado la existencia de variantes de SMD, entre ellos el hiperfibrótico, el temprano y el SMD con características de síndrome mieloproliferativo. El diagnóstico de SMD es por exclusión, por lo que es necesario en el diagnóstico diferencial destacar algunos procesos que pueden presentar alteraciones mielodisplásicas, entre ellos las anemias por deficiencia de vitamina B12, ácido fólico o piridoxina, las hepatopatías crónicas, la anemia de las enfermedades crónicas, el tratamiento con quimioterápicos, la infección por el virus del SIDA y la aplasia medular, entre otros

          Translated abstract

          Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include a group of clonic disorders characterized by progressive cytopenias and dishematopoiesis. Etiology of primary MDS is unknow, and secondary ones may be due to use of antineoplastic agents, chemicals and in children, are related to constitutional diseases. Their general biological features include cytogenetic, molecular, and immunologic alterations accompaning hematopoiesis alterations. For diagnosis it is necessary 10% of cellular involvement in each serie, where dishematopoiesis be the cause. In 80% of bone marrow biopsies, we found signs of dismegacaryopoiesis and disarrangement in normal hematopoietic structure. Recently, it was proposed existence of MDS variants, including hyperfibrotic type, the early one, and MDS with features of myeloproliferative syndrome. Diagnosis of MDS is by exclusion and in differential diagnosis, it is necessary rule out some processes presenting myelodisplastic alterations, including anemias by vitamin B12, folic acid, or piridoxin deficiency, chronic liver disease, chronic diseases anemia, chemotherapy, AIDS virus infection, and medullary aplasia, etc

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          Most cited references71

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          Proposals for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes

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            Establishing the incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome.

            We studied the incidence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in a population served by one district general hospital over a 10-year period (1981-90). Cases were sought through investigation of individuals presenting with suggestive peripheral blood findings. 279 new cases were diagnosed in a population rising from 203,000 to 226,000 over the study period. The observed incidence rate did not change over the study period. The crude incidence rate was 12.6/100,000/year. Age-specific incidence rates per 100,000 per year were 0.5 for age < 50, 5.3 for age 50-59, 15 for age 60-69, 49 for age 70-79, and 89 for age 80+. A cohort study of one large general practice revealed several previously unknown and asymptomatic cases, indicating that the observed figures for the population overall may still underestimate the real incidence. We conclude that MDS is more common than reported in previous studies and that incidence continues to rise into very old age. Difficulties in case ascertainment hamper reliable estimates of true incidence.
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              Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                hih
                Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia
                Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas; Editorial Ciencias Médicas (La Habana, , Cuba )
                0864-0289
                1561-2996
                April 2000
                : 16
                : 1
                : 5-20
                Affiliations
                [01] Ciudad de La Habana orgnameInstituto de Hematología e Inmunología Cuba ihidir@ 123456hematol.sld.cu
                Article
                S0864-02892000000100001 S0864-0289(00)01600101
                fe32013c-7f45-4911-9a02-40f431b68281

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 March 1999
                : 19 July 1999
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 71, Pages: 16
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE REVISIÓN

                MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES,DEFICIENCIA DE VITAMINA B12,TRASTORNOS MIELOPROLIFERATIVOS,AGENTES ANTINEOPLASICOS,SINDROMES MIELODISPLASICOS,VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY,MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS,ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS

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