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      Ocurrence enzootic hematuria in buffaloes in Brazil: epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects Translated title: Ocorrência de hematúria enzoótica em búfalos no Brasil: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: It is reported the occurrence of enzootic hematuria (EH) in buffaloes in Brazil after performing an epidemiological survey and clinicopathological analises. To date, EH caused by ingestion of Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, a radiomimetic plant popularly known as “bracken fern”, has not been described in this species in Brazil. Bovine EH is responsible for high economic losses in Brazil’s Southeast Region not only because of the deaths it causes, but also owing to its negative effect on productivity. In São José do Barreiro County, São Paulo, some farmers in areas with a high incidence of bovine EH have been replacing cattle with buffaloes, based on the premise that the latter would be more resistant to poisoning by ingestion of Pteridium spp. However, even though initial observations indicated that buffaloes are indeed less sensitive than cattle to the toxic principle of Pteridium spp., cases of hematuria in this species have been reported. According to preliminary date, EH only occurs in buffaloes over six years of age. Macroscopic examination revealed a thickened urinary vesicle mucosa, along with multiple foci of ulcerated, exophytic, verrucous, and pedunculated lesions. In one of the buffaloes studied, the bladder wall was ruptured and exhibited marked secondary inflammation. Histologically, neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes similar to those described in cattle poisoned by Pteridium spp. were observed. The neoplasms found included papilloma, carcinoma in situ, urothelial carcinoma (low and high grade), inverted, microcystic, and trabecular variants, urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation (squamous and glandular), squamous cell carcinoma, lymphangioma, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. There was also coexistence of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms. Bovine papillomavirus particles were not detected by polymerase chain reaction in the bladder samples analyzed.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: Descreve-se, através de levantamento epidemiológico e avaliação clínico-patológica, a ocorrência de hematúria enzoótica (HE) em búfalos no Brasil. Essa condição, causada pela ingestão da planta radiomimética Pteridium esculentum subsp. arachnoideum, conhecida popularmente como “samambaia” ou “samambaia do campo”, até então não havia sido descrita nessa espécie no Brasil. Na Região Sudeste, a HE bovina é responsável por elevadas perdas econômicas, devidas não apenas aos óbitos, mas também em função da queda de produtividade. No município de São José do Barreiro/SP, alguns produtores de áreas com alta incidência de HE bovina, vêm substituindo os bovinos por búfalos, com base na premissa de que estes seriam mais resistentes à intoxicação. Embora, de acordo com observações iniciais, os búfalos realmente sejam menos sensíveis que os bovinos ao princípio tóxico de Pteridium spp., ainda assim, tem-se verificado a ocorrência de casos de hematúria nessa espécie. De acordo com o levantamento inicial, a HE só ocorre em búfalos com idade a partir de seis anos. Ao exame macroscópico, verificou-se a mucosa da bexiga espessa, com múltiplos focos de lesões ulceradas, exofíticas, papiliformes, verrucosas, pedunculadas. Histologicamente, foram observadas alterações neoplásicas e não neoplásicas semelhantes às descritas nos bovinos com HE. Entre as neoplasias foram encontrados papiloma, carcinoma in situ, carcinoma urotelial (baixo e alto grau), variantes invertida, microcística e trabecular, carcinoma urotelial com diferenciação divergente (escamosa e glandular), carcinoma de células escamosas, linfangioma, hemangioma e hemangiossarcoma. Ocorreu também coexistência entre neoplasias epiteliais e mesenquimais. Não foram detectadas partículas de papilomavírus bovino pelo teste PCR nas amostras de bexiga analisadas.

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          The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part B: Prostate and Bladder Tumours.

          It has been 12 yr since the publication of the last World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the prostate and bladder. During this time, significant new knowledge has been generated about the pathology and genetics of these tumours. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a newly recognized entity in the 2016 WHO classification. In most cases, it represents intraductal spread of aggressive prostatic carcinoma and should be separated from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. New acinar adenocarcinoma variants are microcystic adenocarcinoma and pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma. Modifications to the Gleason grading system are incorporated into the 2016 WHO section on grading of prostate cancer, and it is recommended that the percentage of pattern 4 should be reported for Gleason score 7. The new WHO classification further recommends the recently developed prostate cancer grade grouping with five grade groups. For bladder cancer, the 2016 WHO classification continues to recommend the 1997 International Society of Urological Pathology grading classification. Newly described or better defined noninvasive urothelial lesions include urothelial dysplasia and urothelial proliferation of uncertain malignant potential, which is frequently identified in patients with a prior history of urothelial carcinoma. Invasive urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation refers to tumours with some percentage of "usual type" urothelial carcinoma combined with other morphologies. Pathologists should mention the percentage of divergent histologies in the pathology report.
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            A broad range of human papillomavirus types detected with a general PCR method suitable for analysis of cutaneous tumours and normal skin.

            A pair of degenerate PCR primers (FAP59/64) was designed from two relatively conserved regions of the L1 open reading frame of most human papillomaviruses (HPV). The size of the generated amplicon was about 480 bp. PCR using these primers was found capable of amplifying DNA from 87% (65/75) of the HPV types tested, its sensitivity being 1-10 copies for HPV-5, -20 and -30 clones. HPV was found in 63% (5/8) of tumour samples and in 63% (5/8) of normal skin biopsies from patients with various cutaneous tumours. HPV-5, HPV-8, HPV-12, HPVvs20-4 and six putatively novel HPV types were identified. No correlation was found to exist between specific HPV and tumour types. Skin surface swab samples from one or more sites on three of four healthy volunteers were found to contain HPV, types 12 and 49 being identified, as well as eight novel HPV types, two of which were also found among the patients. In all, HPV was detected in 75% (9/12) of those tested, five HPV types and 12 novel candidate types being identified, and 37% (7/19) of HPV-positive samples were found to manifest more than one HPV type. All the HPV detected manifested high degrees of nucleotide sequence similarity with HPV types associated with skin lesions and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. The overall HPV finding in the skin samples was 50% (20/40) using the FAP primers as compared to 18% (7/40) using another PCR test designed for skin types. The results thus suggest the new method to be sensitive and generally applicable for detecting cutaneous HPV.
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              Metagenomic Discovery of 83 New Human Papillomavirus Types in Patients with Immunodeficiency

              Although some members of the viral family Papillomaviridae cause benign skin warts (papillomas), many human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are not associated with visible symptoms. For example, most healthy adults chronically shed Gammapapillomavirus (Gamma) virions from apparently healthy skin surfaces. To further explore the diversity of papillomaviruses, we performed viromic surveys on immunodeficient individuals suffering from florid skin warts. Our results nearly double the number of known Gamma HPV types and suggest that WHIM syndrome patients are uniquely susceptible to Gamma HPV-associated skin warts. Preliminary results suggest that treatment with the drug plerixafor may promote resolution of the unusual Gamma HPV skin warts observed in WHIM patients.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                2022
                : 42
                : e06875
                Affiliations
                [4] Volta Redonda RJ orgnameVeterinarian Brazil taysonmarques.vet@ 123456gmail.com
                [7] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Brazil
                [3] Barra Mansa RJ orgnameCentro Universitário Barra Mansa Brazil tandyvet@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Instituto de Veterinária Brazil bartolomeu.neves@ 123456gmail.com
                [5] Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Laboratório de Virologia Brazil leonardo.lobraico@ 123456hotmail.com
                [6] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública orgdiv2Setor de Anatomia Patológica Brazil
                Article
                S0100-736X2022000100210 S0100-736X(22)04200000210
                10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6875
                fdef2302-7a0b-4321-9636-6106f4207502

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 September 2021
                : 14 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 86, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Livestock Diseases

                neoplasia de bexiga,buffaloes,Brazil,Pteridium spp.,bracken fern,bladder neoplasm,Hematúria,búfalos,Brasil,samambaia,Hematuria

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