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      A lifespan view of anxiety disorders

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          Abstract

          Neurodevelopmental changes over the lifespan, from childhood through adulthood into old age, have important implications for the onset, presentation, course, and treatment of anxiety disorders. This article presents data on anxiety disorders as they appear in older adults, as compared with earlier in life. In this article, we focus on aging-related changes in the epidemiology, presentation, and treatment of anxiety disorders. Also, this article describes some of the gaps and limitations in our understanding and suggests research directions that may elucidate the mechanisms of anxiety disorder development later in life. Finally we describe optimal management of anxiety disorders across the lifespan, in “eight simple steps” for practitioners.

          Translated abstract

          Los cambios en el neurodesarrollo durante el curso de la vida, desde la niñez pasando por la adultez y hasta la vejez, tienen importantes repercusiones para la instalación, presentación, curso y tratamiento de los trastornos ansiosos. Este artículo presenta datos acerca de los trastornos ansiosos en la forma cómo ellos aparecen en los adultos mayores en comparación con los más jóvenes. Este artículo se centra en los cambios relacionados con la edad en la epidemiología, presentación y tratamiento de los trastornos ansiosos. Además, este articulo describe algunas de las brechas y limitaciones en nuestra comprensión del trastorno ansioso y sugiere directrices de la investigación que puedan aclarar los mecanismos de aquellos cuadros que se desarrollan más tardíamente en la vida. Finalmente se describe el manejo óptimo para los clínicos de los trastornos ansiosos a lo largo de la vida en “ocho pasos simples”.

          Translated abstract

          Les modifications neurodéveloppementales survenant tout au long de la vie, de l'enfance à l'âge adulte jusqu'à la vieillesse, ont des implications importantes sur la survenue, le cours et le traitement des troubles anxieux. Cet article présente des données sur les troubles anxieux tels qu'ils apparaissent chez les adultes plus âgés, comparés à ceux moins avancés en âge. Nous nous intéressons ici aux modifications liées au vieillissement dans l'épidémiologie, la présentation et le traitement des troubles anxieux. Cet article décrit aussi les lacunes et les limites de notre compréhension et suggère des directions de recherche pouvant élucider les mécanismes du développement du trouble anxieux plus tard dans la vie. Enfin, nous décrivons la prise en charge optimale des troubles anxieux au cours de la vie, en « huit étapes simples » pour le médecin.

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          Most cited references291

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          The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.

          Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. This research provides a theoretical and empirical examination of the role of mindfulness in psychological well-being. The development and psychometric properties of the dispositional Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) are described. Correlational, quasi-experimental, and laboratory studies then show that the MAAS measures a unique quality of consciousness that is related to a variety of well-being constructs, that differentiates mindfulness practitioners from others, and that is associated with enhanced self-awareness. An experience-sampling study shows that both dispositional and state mindfulness predict self-regulated behavior and positive emotional states. Finally, a clinical intervention study with cancer patients demonstrates that increases in mindfulness over time relate to declines in mood disturbance and stress.
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            Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness.

            The authors examine the facet structure of mindfulness using five recently developed mindfulness questionnaires. Two large samples of undergraduate students completed mindfulness questionnaires and measures of other constructs. Psychometric properties of the mindfulness questionnaires were examined, including internal consistency and convergent and discriminant relationships with other variables. Factor analyses of the combined pool of items from the mindfulness questionnaires suggested that collectively they contain five clear, interpretable facets of mindfulness. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses suggested that at least four of the identified factors are components of an overall mindfulness construct and that the factor structure of mindfulness may vary with meditation experience. Mindfulness facets were shown to be differentially correlated in expected ways with several other constructs and to have incremental validity in the prediction of psychological symptoms. Findings suggest that conceptualizing mindfulness as a multifaceted construct is helpful in understanding its components and its relationships with other variables.
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              Ecological Momentary Assessment

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
                the VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California, USA
                Journal
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues Clin Neurosci
                Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
                Les Laboratoires Servier (France )
                1294-8322
                1958-5969
                December 2011
                December 2011
                : 13
                : 4
                : 381-399
                Affiliations
                Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
                the VA San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, California, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.4/elenze
                3263387
                22275845
                fdba2330-aad2-4d60-aa2f-d8fa94b379f2
                Copyright: © 2011 LLS

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                State of the Art

                Neurosciences
                elderly,neuropsychology,cortisol,diagnosis,anxiety,antidepressant,psychotherapy
                Neurosciences
                elderly, neuropsychology, cortisol, diagnosis, anxiety, antidepressant, psychotherapy

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