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      Reaction of N, N 1 -phenylene bis(salicyalideneiminato)cobalt(III) and l-cysteine in mixed aqueous medium: kinetics and mechanism

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          Abstract

          The redox kinetics involving the reaction of N, N′-phenylene bis(salicyalideneiminato)cobalt(III) ([CoSalophen] +) and l-cysteine (LSH) was studied using pseudo-first order approach under the following conditions, [H +] = 1.0 × 10 −3 mol/dm 3, μ = 0.1 C 2 mol/dm 3 (NaCl), λ max = 470 nm and T = 27 ± 1 °C in DMSO: H 2O; 1:4 v: v medium. The redox reaction was 1 st order in both [CoSalophen +] and [LSH], with the overall 2 nd order. Hydrogen ion concentration effect revealed the activeness of both the protonated and deprotonated form of the reductant, positive Brønsted-Debye salt effect and was also ion catalyzed. There was no evidence suggesting an intermediate complex of significant stability in the reaction. Free radical was detected to take part and as such the reasonable mechanistic pathway for the reaction is suggested to be outer-sphere, hence proposed.

          Abstract

          Inorganic chemistry; Kinetics; Mechanisms; N,N′-phenylenebis(salicyalideneiminato)cobalt(III); l-Cysteine; Mixed aqueous medium

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          Most cited references68

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          Highly Active, Binary Catalyst Systems for the Alternating Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides under Mild Conditions

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            On the formation of aliphatic polycarbonates from epoxides with chromium(III) and aluminum(III) metal-salen complexes.

            A DFT-based description is given of the CO2/epoxide copolymerization with a catalyst system consisting of metal (chromium, iron, titanium, aluminum)-salen complexes (salen = N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicyliden-1,6-diaminophenyl) in combination with either chloride, acetate, or dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) as external nucleophile. Calculations indicate that initiation proceeds through nucleophilic attack at a metal-coordinated epoxide, and the most likely propagation reaction is a bimolecular process in which a metal-bound nucleophile attacks a metal-bound epoxide. Carbon dioxide insertion occurs at a single metal center and is most likely the rate-determining step at low pressure. The prevalent chain terminating/degradation-the so-called backbiting, a reaction leading to formation of cyclic carbonate from the polymer chain-would involve attack of a carbonate nucleophile rather than an alkoxide at the last unit of the growing chain. The backbiting of a free carbonato chain end is particularly efficient. Anion dissociation from six-coordinate aluminum is appreciably easier than from chromium-salen complexes, indicating the reason why in the former case cyclic carbonate is the sole product. Experimental data were gathered for a series of chromium-, aluminum-, iron-, and zinc-salen complexes, which were used in combination with external nucleophiles like DMAP and mainly (tetraalkyl ammonium) chloride/acetate. Aluminum complexes transform PO (propylene oxide) and CO2 to give exclusively propylene carbonate. This is explained by rapid carbonate anion dissociation from a six-coordinate complex and cyclic formation. CO2 insertion or nucleophilic attack of an external nucleophile at a coordinated epoxide (at higher CO2 pressure) are the rate-determining steps. Catalysis with [Cr(salen)(acetate/chloride)] complexes leads to the formation of both cyclic carbonate and polypropylene carbonate with various quantities of ether linkages. The dependence of the activity and selectivity on the CO2 pressure, added nucleophile, reaction temperature, and catalyst concentration is complex. A mechanistic description for the chromium-salen catalysis is proposed comprising a multistep and multicenter reaction cycle. PO and CO2 were also treated with mixtures of aluminum- and chromium-salen complexes to yield unexpected ratios of polypropylene carbonate and cyclic propylene carbonate.
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              Alternating copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide with highly efficient and selective (salen)Co(III) catalysts: Effect of ligand and cocatalyst variation

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Heliyon
                Heliyon
                Heliyon
                Elsevier
                2405-8440
                30 April 2020
                April 2020
                30 April 2020
                : 6
                : 4
                : e03850
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
                [b ]Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, Zaria, Nigeria
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. Sabdulsalam@ 123456abu.edu.ng
                Article
                S2405-8440(20)30695-2 e03850
                10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03850
                7199009
                fce72a51-9b36-4b22-b795-f7aba706b8bc
                © 2020 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 9 March 2020
                : 28 March 2020
                : 21 April 2020
                Categories
                Article

                inorganic chemistry,kinetics,mechanisms,n,n′-phenylenebis(salicyalideneiminato)cobalt(iii),l-cysteine,mixed aqueous medium

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