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      Signatures of speech and song: “Universal” links despite cultural diversity

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      1 , 2 , * ,
      Science Advances
      American Association for the Advancement of Science

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          Abstract

          Equitable collaboration between culturally diverse scientists reveals that acoustic fingerprints of human speech and song share parallel relationships across the globe.

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          Music as a coevolved system for social bonding

          Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archaeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene-culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution due to their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding (MSB) hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
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            Origins of music in credible signaling

            Music comprises a diverse category of cognitive phenomena that likely represent both the effects of psychological adaptations that are specific to music (e.g., rhythmic entrainment) and the effects of adaptations for non-musical functions (e.g., auditory scene analysis). How did music evolve? Here, we show that prevailing views on the evolution of music — that music is a byproduct of other evolved faculties, evolved for social bonding, or evolved to signal mate quality — are incomplete or wrong. We argue instead that music evolved as a credible signal in at least two contexts: coalitional interactions and infant care. Specifically, we propose that (1) the production and reception of coordinated, entrained rhythmic displays is a co-evolved system for credibly signaling coalition strength, size, and coordination ability; and (2) the production and reception of infant-directed song is a co-evolved system for credibly signaling parental attention to secondarily altricial infants. These proposals, supported by interdisciplinary evidence, suggest that basic features of music, such as melody and rhythm, result from adaptations in the proper domain of human music. The adaptations provide a foundation for the cultural evolution of music in its actual domain, yielding the diversity of musical forms and musical behaviors found worldwide.
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              The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. By Charles Darwin ...

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review & editing
                Journal
                Sci Adv
                Sci Adv
                sciadv
                advances
                Science Advances
                American Association for the Advancement of Science
                2375-2548
                17 May 2024
                15 May 2024
                : 10
                : 20
                : eadp9620
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Research Group Neurocognition of Music and Language, Grüneburgweg 14, D-60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
                [ 2 ]Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology, Stephanstr. 1a, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Email: daniela.sammler@ 123456ae.mpg.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7458-0229
                Article
                adp9620
                10.1126/sciadv.adp9620
                11326043
                38748801
                fc2714ee-3572-49bd-893b-afc1418b624c
                Copyright © 2024 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 April 2024
                : 30 April 2024
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                Jeanelle Ebreo

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