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      Correlation between type 2 diabetes, dry eye and Meibomian glands dysfunction Translated title: Correlación entre diabetes tipo 2, ojo seco y disfunción de las glándulas de Meibomio

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          To assess the Meibomian glands, ocular surface and tear function in patients with type 2 diabetes, and study the correlation between these conditions.

          Methods

          Prospective study of 76 males, 37 with type 2 diabetes with an average of duration between 7 ± 5 years, and 36 males from control group. After completing an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, the non-invasive tear film break-up time (NIBUT) and the tear lipid layer pattern was performed using interferometry system and tear meniscus height/TMH. Ocular surface was studied with lissamine green staining and morphology of the glands with evaluation of Marx's line (lid margin abnormalities); meibomian secretion was expressed and was also assessed the quality. The results were analyzed using the statistical Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney, and correlations by Spearman Rho.

          Results

          The mean age was 59 ± 8 years; 71% of participants presented MGD (76% diabetics and 67% controls). OSDI were significantly higher ( p = 0.01) in the diabetic group. A positive correlation was found between glycemia and symptoms ( p = 0.0005) and strong correlation between Hb1Ac and OSDI in MGD. NIBUT was lower in the control group (2.47 ± 1.2 s) than for the diabetic group (2.9 ± 1.2 s), with a significant inverse correlation (52.22%) with MG inflammation.

          Conclusions

          MGD in type 2 diabetic patients is more severe compared with nondiabetic patients. Longer duration of diabetes is associated with major symptoms and changes in MG. Diabetic group showed major changes in lids and tear function, accounting for evaporative dry eye and presenting a high degree of correlation with MG inflammation and obstruction.

          Resumen

          Objetivo

          Evaluar las glándulas de Meibomio, la superficie ocular y la función de la lágrima en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2, y estudiar la correlación entre estas situaciones.

          Métodos

          Estudio prospectivo de 76 varones, 37 de ellos con diabetes tipo 2, con una media de duración de entre 7 ± 5 años, y 36 mujeres como grupo control. Tras completar el cuestionario del índice de enfermedad de la superficie ocular (OSDI), se obtuvieron el tiempo de ruptura lagrimal no invasivo (NIBUT) y el patrón de la capa lipídica de la lágrima utilizando interferometría y altura del menisco lagrimal/AML. Se estudió la superficie ocular con tinción verde de lisamina y la morfología de las glándulas con evaluación de la línea de Marx (anomalías del margen del párpado); se expresó la secreción de las glándulas de Meibomio, así como su calidad. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando la pruebas estadísticas Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Witney, y las correlaciones con Rho de Spearman.

          Resultados

          La edad media fue de 59 ± 8 años; el 71% de los participantes presentaron DGM (76% diabéticos y 67% controles). OSDI fue significativamente superior(p = 0,01) en el grupo diabético. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre glucemia y síntomas (p = 0,0005), y una fuerte correlación entre Hb1Ac y OSDI en DGM. NIBUT fue inferior en el grupo control (2,47 ± 1,2s) que en el grupo diabético (2,9 ± 1,2s), con una correlación inversa significativa (52,22%) con la irregularidad del borde palbebral y queratinización del OM.

          Conclusiones

          DGM en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 es más grave, en comparación con los pacientes no diabéticos. La mayor duración de la diabetes se asocia a síntomas mayores y cambios en la GM. El grupo diabético reflejó cambios mayores en los párpados y la función de la lágrima, lo cual supone ojo seco evaporativo, y un alto grado de correlación con irregularidad del margen palpebral y obstrucción de la GM.

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          Most cited references30

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          The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland.

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            The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the diagnosis subcommittee.

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              TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report

              The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears and how these change in DED. Clinically, DED is characterized by loss of tear volume, more rapid breakup of the tear film and increased evaporation of tears from the ocular surface. The tear film is composed of many substances including lipids, proteins, mucins and electrolytes. All of these contribute to the integrity of the tear film but exactly how they interact is still an area of active research. Tear film osmolarity increases in DED. Changes to other components such as proteins and mucins can be used as biomarkers for DED. The Subcommittee recommended areas for future research to advance our understanding of the tear film and how this changes with DED. The final report was written after review by all Subcommittee members and the entire TFOS DEWS II membership.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                J Optom
                J Optom
                Journal of Optometry
                Elsevier
                1888-4296
                1989-1342
                23 May 2019
                Oct-Dec 2019
                23 May 2019
                : 12
                : 4
                : 256-262
                Affiliations
                [a ]Faculty of Optometry, research group of optometry, University Antonio Nariño, Tr 3 este 47 a 15, 11001, Bogotà, Colombia
                [b ]University of Valencia, Spain
                [c ]Research Group in Ocular Surface, Cornea and Contact Lenses “Miguel Refojo”, Spain
                [d ]Vision Sciences Department, Office 1.49 Laboratory 1.50 A, Research Building. C/ Dr. Moliner, 50-50 Dr. Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Spain
                [e ]Vision Sciences Department, Research Group INTRAS (Instituto de Tráfico y Seguridad Vial), C/ Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: School of Optometry, research group of optometry, University Antonio Nariño, Tr 3 este 47 a 15, 11001, Bogotà, Colombia decano.optometria@ 123456uan.edu.co
                Article
                S1888-4296(19)30021-4
                10.1016/j.optom.2019.02.003
                6978584
                31130447
                fc2444cb-62b8-489f-8d5b-9ca5f5f638ba
                © 2019 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 15 June 2018
                : 16 February 2019
                Categories
                Original article

                meibomian gland dysfunction,diabetes,dry eye,nibut,marx's line,disfunción de la glándula de meibomio,ojo seco,línea de marx

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