Content validity of SarQoL, a quality of life questionnaire specific to sarcopenia

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Abstract

Background

The Sarcopenia & Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire is a patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessing health-related quality of life in individuals with sarcopenia. Despite its wide acceptance in the scientific literature, its content validity has only been partially demonstrated so far.

Aims

To enhance the evidence supporting the content validity of the SarQoL questionnaire.

Methods

Following COSMIN methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Belgian older adults who met the EWGSOP2 criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and 11 experts in sarcopenia, with clinical or research background. Comprehensiveness, relevance and comprehensibility of SarQoL content were assessed through individual transcripts and were qualitatively analyzed thematically according to the seven dimensions of SarQoL.

Results

The majority of the concepts elicited during the semi-structured interviews fitted within existing SarQoL dimensions. Importantly, the different domains of SarQoL were consensually considered as relevant by patients and experts. Some new emergent concepts were identified by the participants. While many of them could be considered as enrichments of existing dimensions or sub-concepts, other new concepts (i.e. self-fulfilment, acceptance of the reduced condition, adaptation/use of strategies, depression) may highlight two potential dimensions not covered by SarQoL, i.e. patient empowerment and depression. Cognitive interviews also highlighted that SarQoL items and instructions were clear and comprehensible.

Conclusions

SarQoL, in its current form, demonstrates good evidence of content validity for assessing health-related quality of life in patients with sarcopenia. We do not recommend adding new items or dimensions to SarQoL. Instead, for researchers or clinicians who aim to specifically address self-empowerment or depression of sarcopenic populations, we suggest completing the assessment of quality of life by concurrently using additional validated scales of patient empowerment or depression.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-024-02756-0.

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Most cited references 32

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Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis

Alfonso Cruz-Jentoft, Gulistan Bahat, Jürgen Bauer … (2018)

Abstract Background in 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a sarcopenia definition that aimed to foster advances in identifying and caring for people with sarcopenia. In early 2018, the Working Group met again (EWGSOP2) to update the original definition in order to reflect scientific and clinical evidence that has built over the last decade. This paper presents our updated findings. Objectives to increase consistency of research design, clinical diagnoses and ultimately, care for people with sarcopenia. Recommendations sarcopenia is a muscle disease (muscle failure) rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime; sarcopenia is common among adults of older age but can also occur earlier in life. In this updated consensus paper on sarcopenia, EWGSOP2: (1) focuses on low muscle strength as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, uses detection of low muscle quantity and quality to confirm the sarcopenia diagnosis, and identifies poor physical performance as indicative of severe sarcopenia; (2) updates the clinical algorithm that can be used for sarcopenia case-finding, diagnosis and confirmation, and severity determination and (3) provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify and characterise sarcopenia. Conclusions EWGSOP2's updated recommendations aim to increase awareness of sarcopenia and its risk. With these new recommendations, EWGSOP2 calls for healthcare professionals who treat patients at risk for sarcopenia to take actions that will promote early detection and treatment. We also encourage more research in the field of sarcopenia in order to prevent or delay adverse health outcomes that incur a heavy burden for patients and healthcare systems.

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The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes.

Lidwine B Mokkink, Caroline B Terwee, Donald L Patrick … (2010)

Lack of consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions has led to confusion about which measurement properties are relevant and which concepts they represent. The aim was to clarify and standardize terminology and definitions of measurement properties by reaching consensus among a group of experts and to develop a taxonomy of measurement properties relevant for evaluating health instruments. An international Delphi study with four written rounds was performed. Participating experts had a background in epidemiology, statistics, psychology, and clinical medicine. The panel was asked to rate their (dis)agreement about proposals on a five-point scale. Consensus was considered to be reached when at least 67% of the panel agreed. Of 91 invited experts, 57 agreed to participate and 43 actually participated. Consensus was reached on positions of measurement properties in the taxonomy (68-84%), terminology (74-88%, except for structural validity [56%]), and definitions of measurement properties (68-88%). The panel extensively discussed the positions of internal consistency and responsiveness in the taxonomy, the terms "reliability" and "structural validity," and the definitions of internal consistency and reliability. Consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties was reached. Hopefully, this will lead to a more uniform use of terms and definitions in the literature on measurement properties. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a Delphi study

C. Terwee, C. A. C. Prinsen, A Chiarotto … (2018)

Background Content validity is the most important measurement property of a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) and the most challenging to assess. Our aims were to: (1) develop standards for evaluating the quality of PROM development; (2) update the original COSMIN standards for assessing the quality of content validity studies of PROMs; (3) develop criteria for what constitutes good content validity of PROMs, and (4) develop a rating system for summarizing the evidence on a PROM’s content validity and grading the quality of the evidence in systematic reviews of PROMs. Methods An online 4-round Delphi study was performed among 159 experts from 21 countries. Panelists rated the degree to which they (dis)agreed to proposed standards, criteria, and rating issues on 5-point rating scales (‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’), and provided arguments for their ratings. Results Discussion focused on sample size requirements, recording and field notes, transcribing cognitive interviews, and data coding. After four rounds, the required 67% consensus was reached on all standards, criteria, and rating issues. After pilot-testing, the steering committee made some final changes. Ten criteria for good content validity were defined regarding item relevance, appropriateness of response options and recall period, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of the PROM. Discussion The consensus-based COSMIN methodology for content validity is more detailed, standardized, and transparent than earlier published guidelines, including the previous COSMIN standards. This methodology can contribute to the selection and use of high-quality PROMs in research and clinical practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Author and article information

Contributors

C. Demonceau:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-6605

celine.demonceau@uliege.be

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Aging Clin Exp Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Aging Clin Exp Res

Title: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research

Publisher: Springer International Publishing (Cham )

ISSN (Print): 1594-0667

ISSN (Electronic): 1720-8319

Publication date (Electronic): 30 April 2024

Publication date PMC-release: 30 April 2024

Publication date (Print): 2024

Volume: 36

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 101

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Public Health, University of Liège, ( https://ror.org/00afp2z80) Liege, Belgium

[2 ]College of Science, King Saud University, ( https://ror.org/02f81g417) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

[3 ]GRID grid.6520.1, ISNI 0000 0001 2242 8479, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, , NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, ; Namur, Belgium

Author information

C. Demonceau http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-6605

B. Voz http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5358-7648

O. Bruyère http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-9393

J-Y. Reginster http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-752X

C. Beaudart http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-5303

Article

Publisher ID: 2756

DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02756-0

PMC ID: 11074221

PubMed ID: 38710959

SO-VID: fbeebc3c-f780-483d-944f-edd09e5d13bd

License:

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 19 March 2024

Date accepted : 13 April 2024

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Keywords: sarcopenia,health-related quality of life,sarqol,content validity

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Keywords: sarcopenia, health-related quality of life, sarqol, content validity

Content validity of SarQoL, a quality of life questionnaire specific to sarcopenia

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Asian Journal of Quality of Life (AjQoL)

Most cited references 32

Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis

The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes.

COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures: a Delphi study

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