Efecto del fuego en producción y calidad de zacate rosado en Aguascalientes

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Abstract

Resumen En Calvillo, Aguascalientes, México, durante 2012 y 2013, se evaluó el efecto del fuego (tratamientos de quema Q y sin quema SQ) sobre la producción y calidad nutritiva del zacate rosado en tres etapas fenológicas: crecimiento C, madurez M, y latencia L. El fuego se aplicó en abril de 2012 a parcelas de 16 m2. Durante 2012 y 2013 la producción de forraje (base seca) fue diferente (p≤ 0.05) con 168.7, 393.7 g m2 y 53.9, 192.7 g m2 para los tratamientos Q y SQ respectivamente. La proteína cruda fue similar entre tratamientos (p≥ 0.05), pero diferente (p≤ 0.05) entre etapas C, M, L, con un total de 13.3, 5.2, 5.6% y 12.6, 4.6, 3.2% respectivamente. La digestibilidad de la materia seca (DISMS) resultó diferente (p≤ 0.05) entre tratamientos Q y SQ y entre las etapas de C, M, y L, con un total de 61.6, 46.0, 48.3% y 50.3, 42.5, 44% respectivamente. La fibra detergente neutro (FDN) resultó diferente (p≤ 0.05) entre las etapas C, M, y L, no así entre tratamientos Q y SQ con valores 67.1, 76.5, 78% y 66.4, 76.3, 79.6% respectivamente. La fibra detergente ácido (FDA) mostró diferencias (p≤ 0.05) entre etapas C, M, y L, más no entre tratamientos Q y SQ con un total de 35.8, 50.6, 57.4%, y 33.2, 54.6, 56.3% respectivamente. El fuego incrementó tanto la producción y calidad del forraje del zacate rosado y podría utilizarse como estrategia de manejo ecológica en áreas de pastoreo extensivo invadidas con zacate rosado.

Translated abstract

Abstract In Calvillo, Aguascalientes, Mexico, from 2012 and 2013, the effect of fire (burned Q and without burning SQ treatments) on production and nutritional quality of natal grass in three phenological stages was evaluated: growth C, maturity M, and latency L. The fire was applied in April 2012 to 16 m2 plots. During 2012 and 2013 forage production (dry basis) was different (p≤ 0.05) with 168.7, 393.7 g m2 and 53.9, 192.7 g m2 for Q and SQ treatments respectively. Crude protein was similar between treatments (p≥ 0.05) but different (p≤ 0.05) between C, M, L stages, with a total of 13.3, 5.2, 5.6% and 12.6, 4.6, 3.2% respectively. The digestibility of dry matter (DISMS) was different (p≤ 0.05) between treatments Q and SQ and between stages of C, M, and L, with a total of 61.6, 46.0, 48.3% and 50.3, 42.5, 44% respectively. Neutral detergent fiber (FDN) was different (p≤ 0.05) between stages C, M, and L, but not between Q and SQ with values 67.1, 76.5, 78% and 66.4, 76.3, 79.6% respectively. The acid detergent fiber (FDA) showed differences (p≤ 0.05) between stages but not between treatments with a total of 35.8, 50.6, 57.4%, and 33.2, 54.6, 56.3% respectively. The fire increased both production and quality of natal grass forage and could be used as a strategy for ecological management in areas of extensive grazing invaded with natal grass.

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Most cited references 31

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Samuel D Fuhlendorf, Tessa Kerby, Robert Hamilton … (2009)

Our understanding of fire and grazing is largely based on small-scale experimental studies in which treatments are uniformly applied to experimental units that are considered homogenous. Any discussion of an interaction between fire and grazing is usually based on a statistical approach that ignores the spatial and temporal interactions on complex landscapes. We propose a new focus on the ecological interaction of fire and grazing in which each disturbance is spatially and temporally dependent on the other and results in a landscape where disturbance is best described as a shifting mosaic (a landscape with patches that vary with time since disturbance) that is critical to ecological structure and function of many ecosystems. We call this spatiotemporal interaction pyric herbivory (literal interpretation means grazing driven by fire). Pyric herbivory is the spatial and temporal interaction of fire and grazing, where positive and negative feedbacks promote a shifting pattern of disturbance across the landscape. We present data we collected from the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in the southern Great Plains of North America that demonstrates that the interaction between free-roaming bison (Bison bison) and random fires promotes heterogeneity and provides the foundation for biological diversity and ecosystem function of North American and African grasslands. This study is different from other studies of fire and grazing because the fires we examined were random and grazing animals were free to roam and select from burned and unburned patches. For ecosystems across the globe with a long history of fire and grazing, pyric herbivory with any grazing herbivore is likely more effective at restoring evolutionary disturbance patterns than a focus on restoring any large vertebrate while ignoring the interaction with fire and other disturbances. ©2008 Society for Conservation Biology.