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      Trans-oral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy does not worsen the speech after cleft palate repair Translated title: Adenoidectomia parcial endoscópica transoral não piora a fala de pacientes com correção cirúrgica de fenda palatina

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Adenoid hypertrophy may play a role in velopharyngeal closure especially in patients with palatal abnormality; adenoidectomy may lead to velopharyngeal insufficiency and hyper nasal speech. Patients with cleft palate even after repair should not undergo adenoidectomy unless absolutely needed, and in such situations, conservative or partial adenoidectomy is performed to avoid the occurrence of velopharyngeal insufficiency. Trans-oral endoscopic adenoidectomy enables the surgeon to inspect the velopharyngeal valve during the procedure.

          Objective

          The aim of this study was to assess the effect of transoral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy on the speech of children with repaired cleft palate.

          Methods

          Twenty children with repaired cleft palate underwent transoral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy to relieve their airway obstruction. The procedure was completely visualized with the use of a 70° 4 mm nasal endoscope; the upper part of the adenoid was removed using adenoid curette and St. Claire Thompson forceps, while the lower part was retained to maintain the velopharyngeal competence. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of speech was performed, subjectively by auditory perceptual assessment, and objectively by nasometric assessment.

          Results

          Speech was not adversely affected after surgery. The difference between preoperative and postoperative auditory perceptual assessment and nasalance scores for nasal and oral sentences was insignificant ( p = 0.231, 0.442, 0.118 respectively).

          Conclusions

          Transoral endoscopic partial adenoidectomy is a safe method; it does not worsen the speech of repaired cleft palate patients. It enables the surgeon to strictly inspect the velopharyngeal valve during the procedure with better determination of the adenoidal part that may contribute in velopharyngeal closure.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          A hipertrofia da adenoide pode desempenhar um papel no fechamento velofaríngeo, especialmente em pacientes com anormalidade palatal; a adenoidectomia pode levar à insuficiência velofaríngea e fala hipernasal. Os pacientes com fenda palatina, mesmo após a correção, não devem ser submetidos a adenoidectomia, exceto quando absolutamente necessário e, em tais situações, a forma conservadora ou parcial é realizada para evitar a ocorrência de insuficiência velofaríngea. A adenoidectomia endoscópica transoral permite ao cirurgião inspecionar a válvula velofaríngea durante o procedimento.

          Objetivo

          O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adenoidectomia parcial endoscópica transoral na fala de crianças submetidas à correção de fenda palatina.

          Método

          Um total de 20 crianças com fenda palatina previamente corrigida, foi submetida a adenoidectomia parcial endoscópica transoral, para desobstrução das vias aéreas,. O procedimento foi completamente visualizado com o uso de um endoscópio de 4 mm e ângulo de 70°; a parte superior da adenoide foi removida com uma cureta para adenoide e fórceps St. Claire Thompson, enquanto a parte inferior foi conservada para manter a competência velofaríngea. Avaliações da fala foram realizadas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório, de forma subjetiva pela avaliação perceptivo-auditiva, e objetiva pela avaliação nasométrica.

          Resultados

          A fala não foi prejudicada após a cirurgia. A diferença entre os escores da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e nasalância para as sentenças nasais e orais nos períodos pré e pós-operatório foi insignificante ( p = 0,231, 0,442, 0,118, respectivamente).

          Conclusões

          A adenoidectomia parcial endoscópica transoral é um método seguro, e não piora a fala dos pacientes com fenda palatina operada. Ela permite que o cirurgião inspecione rigorosamente a válvula velofaríngea durante o procedimento, com melhor determinação da parte adenoide que pode contribuir para o fechamento velofaríngeo.

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          Most cited references19

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          Modern assessment of tonsils and adenoids.

          Modern assessment of the tonsils and adenoids is based on an appreciation of new concepts pertaining to the pathogenesis of tonsil and adenoid disease. Recognition of the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing and encapsulated anaerobic bacteria in the tonsils and adenoids should lead to a reconsideration of present therapeutic recommendations for antibiotic therapy in infectious tonsil and adenoid disease. The performance of a precise history, use of a standardized physical examination, and judicious use of laboratory evaluation are all necessary for appropriate patient management and improved communication between the pediatrician and otolaryngologist. Thus, appropriate recommendation for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy will enhance their benefits, and the result will be happier and healthier children.
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            Airway obstruction following palatoplasty: analysis of 247 consecutive operations.

            Between February 1987 and September 1997, 247 patients underwent primary repair of a cleft of the secondary palate by one surgeon, using the double-opposing Z-plasty (Furlow) technique. This retrospective study reviews perioperative and postoperative airway compromise among these patients. The purposes of this study were to identify factors associated with airway obstruction following palatoplasty and to analyze the management of those patients. Although infants experiencing airway problems following Wardill-Kilner and Von Langenbeck palatoplasty have been described, airway complications in a group of Furlow repair patients has not been previously reported. Fourteen patients (5.7%) had airway problems. The average age of these patients was 18 months, which was not significantly different from those without airway problems. Airway obstruction occurred as late as 48 hours after the completion of surgery. Twelve of the 14 patients had severe airway compromise requiring continued postoperative intubation, reintubation, or tracheostomy (one). There were no deaths. Thirteen of the 14 patients with postoperative airway problems (93%) had other congenital anomalies in addition to clefting, a named congenital disorder, or both. Seven of those 13 had Pierre Robin sequence. In contrast, only 40 of the 233 patients without airway problems (17%) had additional congenital anomalies or named disorders. Presence of other congenital anomalies was associated with a significantly increased risk of airway obstruction (p =.005). Patients with cleft palate with the Pierre Robin sequence or other additional congenital anomalies had an increased risk of airway problems following palatoplasty. Awareness of this risk permits identifying those patients prior to surgery so that they can be monitored and managed appropriately, minimizing the likelihood of major complications or death.
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              Endoscopic adenoidectomy in children with submucosal cleft palate.

              To determine the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic partial adenoidectomy for the treatment of nasal obstruction in children with submucosal cleft palate. The medical files of children with symptoms of nasal obstruction and submucosal cleft palate who underwent partial transnasal endoscopic adenoidectomy from January 1993 to December 2003 were reviewed. Operative complications, relief of nasal obstruction, presence of postoperative velopharyngeal insufficiency were recorded. There were no operative complications. All the children had relief of nasal obstruction. Velopharyngeal insufficiency was not observed during the postoperative follow-up. Endoscopic partial adenoidectomy is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of nasal obstruction in children with submucosal cleft palate.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
                Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
                Elsevier
                1808-8694
                1808-8686
                18 December 2015
                Jul-Aug 2016
                18 December 2015
                : 82
                : 4
                : 422-426
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Otolaryngology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
                [b ]Department of Otolaryngology, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
                [c ]Department of Otolaryngology (Phoniatric Unit), Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. mosabeez@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                S1808-8694(15)00245-1
                10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.08.025
                9449054
                26777079
                fb731e7b-36a0-4389-adc6-0822871f026c
                © 2015 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 16 June 2015
                : 12 August 2015
                Categories
                Original Article

                endoscopic adenoidectomy,cleft palate,adenoid hypertrophy,velopharyngeal insufficiency,adenoidectomia endoscópica,fenda palatina,hipertrofia da adenoide,insuficiência velofaríngea

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