A free-standing LiFePO4–carbon paper hybrid cathode for flexible lithium-ion batteries

Author(s): Katja Kretschmer ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Bing Sun ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Xiuqiang Xie ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Shuangqiang Chen ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Guoxiu Wang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2016

Journal: Green Chemistry

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

A shell of LiFePO ₄ nano-crystals was grown in situ on carbonized cellulose paper, which can be employed as a cathode in a LIB system with no polymeric binder, conducting additives or metallic current collectors needed.

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely implemented to power portable electronic devices and are increasingly in demand for large-scale applications. One of the major obstacles for this technology is still the low cost-efficiency of its electrochemical active materials and production processes. In this work, we present a novel impregnation–carbothermal reduction method to generate a LiFePO ₄–carbon paper hybrid electrode, which doesn't require a metallic current collector, polymeric binder or conducting additives to function as a cathode material in a LIB system. A shell of LiFePO ₄ crystals was grown in situ on carbon fibres during the carbonization of microcrystalline cellulose. The LiFePO ₄–carbon paper electrode achieved an initial reversible areal capacity of 197 μA h cm ⁻² increasing to 222 μA h cm ⁻² after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.1 mA cm ⁻². The hybrid electrode also demonstrated a superior cycling performance for up to 1000 cycles. The free-standing electrode could be potentially applied for flexible lithium-ion batteries.

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Electronically conductive phospho-olivines as lithium storage electrodes.

Sung-Yoon Chung, Jason Bloking, Yet-Ming Chiang (2002)

Lithium transition metal phosphates have become of great interest as storage cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries because of their high energy density, low raw materials cost, environmental friendliness and safety. Their key limitation has been extremely low electronic conductivity, until now believed to be intrinsic to this family of compounds. Here we show that controlled cation non-stoichiometry combined with solid-solution doping by metals supervalent to Li+ increases the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4 by a factor of approximately 10(8). The resulting materials show near-theoretical energy density at low charge/discharge rates, and retain significant capacity with little polarization at rates as high as 6,000 mA x g(-1). In a conventional cell design, they may allow development of lithium batteries with the highest power density yet.