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      FlyBase: a guided tour of highlighted features

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          Abstract

          FlyBase provides a centralized resource for the genetic and genomic data of Drosophila melanogaster. As FlyBase enters our fourth decade of service to the research community, we reflect on our unique aspects and look forward to our continued collaboration with the larger research and model organism communities. In this study, we emphasize the dedicated reports and tools we have constructed to meet the specialized needs of fly researchers but also to facilitate use by other research communities. We also highlight ways that we support the fly community, including an external resources page, help resources, and multiple avenues by which researchers can interact with FlyBase.

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          Most cited references54

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          Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology

          Genomic sequencing has made it clear that a large fraction of the genes specifying the core biological functions are shared by all eukaryotes. Knowledge of the biological role of such shared proteins in one organism can often be transferred to other organisms. The goal of the Gene Ontology Consortium is to produce a dynamic, controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all eukaryotes even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing. To this end, three independent ontologies accessible on the World-Wide Web (http://www.geneontology.org) are being constructed: biological process, molecular function and cellular component.
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            KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs

            KEGG (http://www.kegg.jp/ or http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) is an encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Assigning functional meanings to genes and genomes both at the molecular and higher levels is the primary objective of the KEGG database project. Molecular-level functions are stored in the KO (KEGG Orthology) database, where each KO is defined as a functional ortholog of genes and proteins. Higher-level functions are represented by networks of molecular interactions, reactions and relations in the forms of KEGG pathway maps, BRITE hierarchies and KEGG modules. In the past the KO database was developed for the purpose of defining nodes of molecular networks, but now the content has been expanded and the quality improved irrespective of whether or not the KOs appear in the three molecular network databases. The newly introduced addendum category of the GENES database is a collection of individual proteins whose functions are experimentally characterized and from which an increasing number of KOs are defined. Furthermore, the DISEASE and DRUG databases have been improved by systematic analysis of drug labels for better integration of diseases and drugs with the KEGG molecular networks. KEGG is moving towards becoming a comprehensive knowledge base for both functional interpretation and practical application of genomic information.
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              COSMIC: the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer

              Abstract COSMIC, the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk) is the most detailed and comprehensive resource for exploring the effect of somatic mutations in human cancer. The latest release, COSMIC v86 (August 2018), includes almost 6 million coding mutations across 1.4 million tumour samples, curated from over 26 000 publications. In addition to coding mutations, COSMIC covers all the genetic mechanisms by which somatic mutations promote cancer, including non-coding mutations, gene fusions, copy-number variants and drug-resistance mutations. COSMIC is primarily hand-curated, ensuring quality, accuracy and descriptive data capture. Building on our manual curation processes, we are introducing new initiatives that allow us to prioritize key genes and diseases, and to react more quickly and comprehensively to new findings in the literature. Alongside improvements to the public website and data-download systems, new functionality in COSMIC-3D allows exploration of mutations within three-dimensional protein structures, their protein structural and functional impacts, and implications for druggability. In parallel with COSMIC’s deep and broad variant coverage, the Cancer Gene Census (CGC) describes a curated catalogue of genes driving every form of human cancer. Currently describing 719 genes, the CGC has recently introduced functional descriptions of how each gene drives disease, summarized into the 10 cancer Hallmarks.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                Genetics
                Genetics
                genetics
                Genetics
                Oxford University Press
                0016-6731
                1943-2631
                April 2022
                10 March 2022
                10 March 2022
                : 220
                : 4
                : iyac035
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
                [2 ] Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
                [3 ] Department of Biology, Indiana University , Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge MA 02138, USA. Email: sian@ 123456morgan.harvard.edu
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-3797
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-6364
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5304-0047
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-8273
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6485-5222
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-8718
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1567-7626
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-7671
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-5901
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0967-1076
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1139-1145
                Article
                iyac035
                10.1093/genetics/iyac035
                8982030
                35266522
                fb31d3df-9f69-4879-bd4f-73b1d689196b
                © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Genetics Society of America.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 September 2021
                : 23 February 2022
                : 04 April 2022
                Page count
                Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: National Human Genome Research Institute, DOI 10.13039/100000051;
                Funded by: National Institutes of Health, DOI 10.13039/100000002;
                Award ID: U41HG000739
                Award ID: S454486
                Funded by: National Science Foundation, DOI 10.13039/100000001;
                Award ID: DBI-2035515
                Award ID: 2039324
                Funded by: Wellcome Trust, DOI 10.13039/100010269;
                Award ID: PLM13398
                Funded by: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, DOI 10.13039/501100000268;
                Funded by: BBSRC, DOI 10.13039/501100000268;
                Award ID: BB/T014008
                Funded by: British Medical Research Council;
                Award ID: MR/N030117/1
                Categories
                Knowledgebase and Database Resources
                AcademicSubjects/SCI01180
                AcademicSubjects/SCI01140
                AcademicSubjects/SCI00010
                AcademicSubjects/SCI00960

                Genetics
                flybase,model organism database,drosophila
                Genetics
                flybase, model organism database, drosophila

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