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      Mutagenesis of GmFT2a and GmFT5a mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 contributes for expanding the regional adaptability of soybean

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          Summary

          Flowering time is a key agronomic trait that directly influences the successful adaptation of soybean ( Glycine max) to diverse latitudes and farming systems. Gm FT2a and Gm FT5a have been extensively identified as flowering activators and integrators in soybean. Here, we identified two quantitative trait loci ( QTLs) regions harbouring Gm FT2a and Gm FT5a , respectively, associated with different genetic effects on flowering under different photoperiods. We analysed the flowering time of transgenic plants overexpressing Gm FT2a or Gm FT5a , ft2a mutants, ft5a mutants and ft2aft5a double mutants under long‐day ( LD) and short‐day ( SD) conditions. We confirmed that Gm FT2a and Gm FT5a are not redundant, they collectively regulate flowering time, and the effect of Gm FT2a is more prominent than that of Gm FT5a under SD conditions whereas Gm FT5a has more significant effects than Gm FT2a under LD conditions. Gm FT5a , not Gm FT2a , was essential for soybean to adapt to high latitude regions. The ft2aft5a double mutants showed late flowering by about 31.3 days under SD conditions and produced significantly increased numbers of pods and seeds per plant compared to the wild type. We speculate that these mutants may have enormous yield potential for the tropics. In addition, we examined the sequences of these two loci in 202 soybean accessions and investigated the flowering phenotypes, geographical distributions and maturity groups within major haplotypes. These results will contribute to soybean breeding and regional adaptability.

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          Most cited references34

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          Stage of Development Descriptions for Soybeans, Glycine Max (L.) Merrill1

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            CRISPR-P: a web tool for synthetic single-guide RNA design of CRISPR-system in plants.

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              2b-RAD: a simple and flexible method for genome-wide genotyping.

              We describe 2b-RAD, a streamlined restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) genotyping method based on sequencing the uniform fragments produced by type IIB restriction endonucleases. Well-studied accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana were genotyped to validate the method's accuracy and to demonstrate fine-tuning of marker density as needed. The simplicity of the 2b-RAD protocol makes it particularly suitable for high-throughput genotyping as required for linkage mapping and profiling genetic variation in natural populations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                hantianfu@caas.cn
                houwensheng@caas.cn
                Journal
                Plant Biotechnol J
                Plant Biotechnol. J
                10.1111/(ISSN)1467-7652
                PBI
                Plant Biotechnology Journal
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                1467-7644
                1467-7652
                05 July 2019
                January 2020
                : 18
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1111/pbi.v18.1 )
                : 298-309
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] National Center for Transgenic Research in Plants Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
                [ 2 ] Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing) Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence (Tel 86‐10‐82105172; fax 86-10-82108784; e‐mails houwensheng@ 123456caas.cn (W.H.); hantianfu@ 123456caas.cn (T.H.))
                [†]

                Yupeng Cai, Liwei Wang and Li Chen contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-4308
                Article
                PBI13199
                10.1111/pbi.13199
                6920152
                31240772
                fb317aba-21fe-4518-be46-719738517ce9
                © 2019 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 08 May 2019
                : 11 June 2019
                : 16 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 0, Pages: 12, Words: 8268
                Funding
                Funded by: the CAAS (Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences) Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100005196;
                Funded by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 31871644
                Funded by: the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
                Award ID: 2016YFD0100504
                Funded by: the Major Science and Technology Projects of China
                Award ID: 2016ZX08010‐004
                Categories
                Research Article
                Research Articles
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                January 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.3 mode:remove_FC converted:18.12.2019

                Biotechnology
                soybean,crispr/cas9,gmft2a,gmft5a,flowering time,regional adaptability
                Biotechnology
                soybean, crispr/cas9, gmft2a, gmft5a, flowering time, regional adaptability

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