Niveles de estrés y síndrome de burnout en urólogos mexicanos. ¿Cómo nos encontramos? <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Levels of stress and burnout in Mexican urologists. How are we doing? </span>

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Abstract

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Según la Red del Trabajo e Información Ocupacional de Estados Unidos, la urología fue la especialidad con mayores niveles de estrés en 2016, estimada entre 900 diferentes profesiones, por encima de los policías, bomberos o anestesiólogos. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la prevalencia de estrés y síndrome de burnout en urólogos mexicanos e identificar las causas implicadas con su origen. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y analítico, efectuado a través de la versión abreviada del cuestionario de estrés y burnout en urólogos mexicanos. Se registraron características sociodemográficas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron variables descriptivas (tendencia central, desviación estándar), con la finalidad de conocer el perfil demográfico. Cada individuo se clasificó según su nivel de estrés en: bajo, intermedio o alto, cuyos datos se analizaron mediante estadística inferencial (tablas de contingencia, ꭓ2 y prueba exacta de Fisher). Los datos recabados se analizaron con el programa SPSS© IMB-Versión-21. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo el valor de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: Se aplicaron 137 encuestas al azar. La media de edad fue 45 años (DE ± 9), 59% de los urólogos ejercía la práctica mixta (institución pública y privada) y la cirugía fue la actividad profesional más estresante (31%). Se registraron 75 (54%) urólogos con niveles bajos de estrés, 41% con moderado y 2.1% con severos. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron astenia (17.5%), atracones de comida (17.4%) y cefalea (12%). Las variables implicadas con el estrés de los urólogos mexicanos son: edad joven, trabajar en instituciones públicas y obtener ingresos económicos menores de $50,000 pesos mensuales (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El estrés es una alteración habitual en la urología; sin embargo, los urólogos no muestran niveles tan altos comparados con otros países. La edad joven, sobrecarga laboral en instituciones públicas y los bajos ingresos monetarios son factores implicados con el estrés en los urólogos mexicanos.

Translated abstract

Abstract BACKGROUND: According to the U.S. Occupational Information Network, out of 900 professions, that of urologist was one of the most stressful in 2016, more so than that of police officer, fire fighter, or anesthesiologist. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of stress and burnout in Mexican urologists and identify their causes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted, applying a short version of the stress and burnout inventory to Mexican urologists. The sociodemographic characteristics were registered. Descriptive statistics (central tendency, standard deviation) were used to describe the demographic profile. Each individual was classified by stress level: mild, intermediate, or high, employing inferential statistics (contingency tables, ꭓ2 test, and the Fisher’s exact test). The data were analyzed using the SPSS©IMB-Version-21 program. Statistical significance was set at a p < 0.05. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-seven questionnaires were randomly applied. Mean age of the urologists was 45 years (SD ± 9), 59% worked at both a public healthcare institution and in private practice (mixed practice), and surgery was the most stressful professional activity (31%). Stress levels were mild in 75 urologists (54%), moderate in 41%, and severe in 2.1%. The most frequent symptoms were asthenia (17.5%), binge eating (17.4%), and headache (12%). The variables that had an impact on stress in the Mexican urologist were: young age, working in a public health institution, and a monthly income under $50,000.00 MXN (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stress is a common condition in urologic practice, but the levels of stress in the urologists surveyed were not as high as those reported in other countries. Youth, work overload, especially in the public healthcare institutions, and low income were the factors involved.

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Most cited references 16

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Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: links to socioeconomic status, health, and disease.

Bruce McEwen, Peter J. Gianaros (2010)

The brain is the key organ of stress reactivity, coping, and recovery processes. Within the brain, a distributed neural circuitry determines what is threatening and thus stressful to the individual. Instrumental brain systems of this circuitry include the hippocampus, amygdala, and areas of the prefrontal cortex. Together, these systems regulate physiological and behavioral stress processes, which can be adaptive in the short-term and maladaptive in the long-term. Importantly, such stress processes arise from bidirectional patterns of communication between the brain and the autonomic, cardiovascular, and immune systems via neural and endocrine mechanisms underpinning cognition, experience, and behavior. In one respect, these bidirectional stress mechanisms are protective in that they promote short-term adaptation (allostasis). In another respect, however, these stress mechanisms can lead to a long-term dysregulation of allostasis in that they promote maladaptive wear-and-tear on the body and brain under chronically stressful conditions (allostatic load), compromising stress resiliency and health. This review focuses specifically on the links between stress-related processes embedded within the social environment and embodied within the brain, which is viewed as the central mediator and target of allostasis and allostatic load.