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      LA EXTRACCIÓN PREHISPÁNICA DE RECURSOS MINERALES EN EL INTERNODO QUILLAGUA-COSTA, DESIERTO DE ATACAMA

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          Abstract

          En el presente estudio se investigan evidencias de ocupaciones extractivas, desde los resultados de los trabajos arqueológicos en sitios de la conexión vial prehispánica en el internodo entre Quillaguay la costa al norte de Tocopilla en la cordillera de la Costa del desierto de Atacama. Se discuten estos registros en el concierto de lo conocido previamente para la prehistoria de asentamientos y caminera de la costa y el Loa inferiory medio. Se caracteriza una ruta prehispánicay dos segmentos viales,junto con dos sitios extractivos de materiales minerales, una minay un taller litico,y se entregan datos de excavación y análisis de ellos, sus materiales culturales, junto con sus fechas absolutas. Usando estos ejemplos, se discute la movilidad de grupos costeros hacia el desierto interiory la de sociedades de Oasis a la Costa, en distintos períodos, tomando en cuenta modelos de movilidady aprovisionamiento formulados previamente para este espacio. Del mismo modo, tomando en cuenta datos arqueológicos y etnográficos regionales, se proponen hipótesis para la explicación de algunos aspectos de los respectivos casos. Finalmente, se discuten algunos aspectos más generales a la luz de las prospectivas existentes para los Estudios Internodales.

          Translated abstract

          Internodal archaeological evidence ofextractive occupations is presented in this study. Evidence comes from the survey and analyses ofsites on the prehistoric route between Quillagua (inferior Loa River) and the north Coast of Tocopilla, across the Coastal mountain range of the Atacama Desert. This archaeological record is discussed in relation to previously-known prehistoric data about settlements and internodal trails ofthe Coast, and Inferior and middle Loa sections. We characterize two extractive sites of mineral resources detected in association to pathways, a mine and a lithic workshop. Data from excavations, analyses ofarchaeological materials and absolute dates are used to discuss mobility of coastalgroups to the interior of the desert and of Oasiss societies to the coast in different periods oftime. Previously formulated models of mobility and provisioning as well as regional archaeological and ethnographic data, are used to discuss the presented results, and are applied to examine more general aspects of "Internodal Studies".

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          Ensayo para una Clasificación Morfológica de Artefactos Líticos Aplicada a Estudios Tecnológicos Comparativos

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            Why on earth?: Evaluating hypotheses about the physiological functions of human geophagy.

            Geophagy has been hypothesized to be an adaptive behavior, either as a means to allay nutrient deficiency or to protect against ingested pathogens and toxins. Others have proposed that geophagy is non-adaptive, occurring either to allay hunger or as an epiphenomenon of nutrient deficiencies. This paper evaluates these hypotheses using 482 published cultural-level accounts of human geophagy and 330 accounts of geophagy among 297 species of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Information was extracted from reports of human geophagy to permit statistical analysis; reports of non-human geophagy were tabulated. Human geophagy did not parallel changes in nutrient requirements, occurred most frequently among children and pregnant women and in tropical areas (where pathogen densities are highest), and was associated with ingestion of toxic substances and gastrointestinal distress. Earth ingested by humans was craved and carefully selected and prepared; it had high clay content, but few bioavailable mineral nutrients. In primates, geophagy was associated with both protection from toxins and obtaining nutrients, whereas in other vertebrates it was associated mainly with obtaining nutrients. Our results indicate that human geophagy is best explained as providing protection from dietary chemicals, parasites, and pathogens, whereas animal geophagy may involve both micronutrient acquisition and protection.
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              Early Evidence (ca. 12,000 BP) for Iron Oxide Mining on the Pacific Coast of South America

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eatacam
                Estudios atacameños
                Estud. atacam.
                Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige (San Pedro de Atacama, , Chile )
                0718-1043
                February 2017
                : 0
                : 56
                : 77-102
                Affiliations
                [01] Olavarría orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Programa de Doctorado en Arqueología ARGENTINA jfblanco@ 123456gmail.com
                [04] orgnameUniversidad Católica del Norte orgdiv1IAA
                [05] orgnameFundación Desierto de Atacama CHILE
                [02] orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Facultad de Filosofía y Letras orgdiv2Programa de Doctorado en Arqueología ARGENTINA kusvetiver@ 123456gmail.com
                [03] Santiago orgnameCentro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia CHILE carolaflowers@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0718-10432017000300004
                fae4184e-2742-4f04-9087-92c59d84f56a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : November 2016
                : March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 117, Pages: 26
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                aprovisionamiento lítico y mineral,lithic and mineral provisioning,Atacama desert,Movilidad,caminos prehistóricos,desierto de Atacama,prehistoric trails,Mobility

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