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      Hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme e síndrome de Kasabach-Merritt Translated title: Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome

      case-report

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Descrever a apresentação e a evolução de um caso de hemangioendotelioma kaposiforme complicado por síndrome de Kasabach-Merritt. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Lactente masculino de 45 dias, com febre, irritabilidade e choro, associados ao aparecimento de nodulações em tronco e membros. Evoluiu rapidamente com coagulopatia de consumo e queda do estado geral, necessitando de internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP). Tomografia computadorizada revelou condensações parenquimatosas intra e extrapulmonares compatíveis com hemangiomas múltiplos e ausência de lesões em crânio e abdome. Houve complicação para síndrome Kasabach-Merritt em conseqüência de uma hemangiomatose kaposiforme. Optado por iniciar tratamento conservador, associando terapia de suporte com concentrado de glóbulos vermelhos, criopreciptado, plasma fresco, concentrado de plaquetas e uso das seguintes drogas: ácido tranexâmico e dexametasona. Após 20 dias em UTIP, já se encontrava em bom estado geral, em processo de remissão dos hemangiomas e normalização dos exames laboratoriais, sendo transferido para a enfermaria. Recebeu alta em tratamento com ácido tranexâmico e prednisona, com acompanhamento ambulatorial e laboratorial semanal. COMENTÁRIOS: A doença apresenta curso clínico rápido e grave, com necessidade de diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, para melhor prognóstico e sobrevida.

          Translated abstract

          To describe the clinical presentation of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma that was complicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 45-day-old male infant presented fever, irritability and crying associated with the eruption of nodules in trunk and members. Soon after admission, the patient developed a consumptive coagulopathy, requiring admission in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Computed tomography scans showed intra and extrapulmonary condensations suggestive of multiple thoracic hemangiomas, without the central nervous system and abdominal lesions. The diagnosis of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in consequence of kaposiform hemagioendothelioma was established. Treatment option was conservative, including red blood cells, cryoprecipited, fresh frozen plasma and platelets transfusions associated to tranexamic acid and dexamethasone. After 20 days, patient recovered and he was discharged from PICU with significant remission of the hemangiomas. The child continued to receive tranexamic acid and prednisone at home, with weekly follow-up. COMMENTS: The disease presents quick and severe clinical course. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are needed to improve the outcome.

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          Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of the mediastinum in a 7-month-old boy: a case report.

          Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is an aggressive vascular proliferation that has been recognized as a separate entity from other childhood vascular tumors. The authors present an unusual case of hemangioendothelioma arising in the mediastinum of a 7-month-old male infant with acute respiratory distress and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. This patient with life-threatening lesion showed a dramatic response to interferon alfa-2a. This case had many histologic and clinical features consistent with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.
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            Multifocal kaposiform haemangioendothelioma.

            Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular spindle cell proliferation, with resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma. This tumour usually occurs in skin and retroperitoneum of infants and young children and is often complicated by the Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). A 3-year-old boy presented with a right submandibular swelling due to lymphadenopathies, a violaceous skin lesion at the left commissure of the lips and an ill-defined lesion in the right thyroid lobe. There were some signs of KMP. Histological examination revealed a typical infiltrative multilobular spindle cell proliferation with slit-like vascular spaces in these three localisations. Immunohistochemical stains showed positivity for CD34 and CD31 and many alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive spindle cells around the vascular spaces. There was no Herpes virus type 8 expression. The presented case is unique in two ways. First, thyroid involvement of KHE has never been described in the literature until now. Secondly, and most remarkably, the multifocal presentation in three anatomically distinct and separated localisations is extremely unusual.
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              Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma: case report and review of the literature.

              Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumour, predominantly of infancy and early childhood, that has a close association with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. Despite benign histology, this tumour frequently behaves aggressively, causing significant morbidity and mortality as a result of the compression and invasion of surrounding structures as well as from associated haematological and lymphoproliferative syndromes. There is a need for a high index of suspicion when presented with large, enlarging or abnormal vascular lesions in infancy and, less commonly, in adulthood. An early diagnosis of KHE can lead to prompt treatment, which may be life saving. To date, there have been only four reported cases of KHE occurring in patients over the age of 18 years. We report an otherwise well 26-year-old woman who presented with a KHE of the left thigh, and briefly review the literature. We believe this to be the second reported case of KHE in the UK and the first in an adult patient.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpp
                Revista Paulista de Pediatria
                Rev. paul. pediatr.
                Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0103-0582
                1984-0462
                June 2008
                : 26
                : 2
                : 192-196
                Affiliations
                [01] Taubaté SP orgnameUniversidade de Taubaté orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina Brasil
                Article
                S0103-05822008000200017 S0103-0582(08)02600217
                fad157da-119e-4f04-b9f2-08bd2c1bb24d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 August 2007
                : 07 February 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relatos de Casos

                Kasabach-Merritt syndrome,coagulação intravascular disseminada,síndrome de Kasabach-Merritt,hemangioendotelioma,disseminated intravascular coagulation,haemangioendothelioma

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