Dissipation of Emamectin Benzoate Residues in Rice and Rice-Growing Environments

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Abstract

The experiment developed the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method for testing emamectin benzoate, and studied the metabolism of emamectin benzoate in rice plants and rice-growing environments via application of this testing method. The dissipation curve of emamectin benzoate standard substance was good at 0.5–200 μg L ⁻¹, and its correlation coefficient was greater than 0.99. In the concentration range of 0.1–50 μg kg ⁻¹, the average recovery rate of plants, soil, and field water was 82 %–102 %, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 0.3 % and 15.9 %. Half-lives in rice plants and soil were 0.8–2.8 days and 1.9–3.8 days, respectively, and emamectin benzoate was not detected in rice or rice hull. The experiment showed that emamectin benzoate is harmless to human health at the concentration recommended by the manufacturer.

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Most cited references 24

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This paper reviews procedures for quantification of drugs in the biosamples blood, plasma, serum, or oral fluid (saliva, etc.) using liquid chromatography coupled with single-stage or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS, LC-MS-MS). Such procedures are important prerequisites for competent toxicological judgment and consultation in clinical and forensic toxicology. They cover blood (plasma, serum) analysis of amphetamines and related designer drugs, anesthetics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, opioids, serotonergic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, neuroleptics, antihistamines, beta-blockers, muscle relaxants, and sulfonylurea-type antidiabetics, and oral fluid analysis of amphetamines and related designer drugs, cocaine, benzoylecgonine, codeine, morphine, enantiomers of methadone and its main metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), the nicotine metabolites cotinine and hydroxycotinine, and finally risperidone and its metabolite 9-hydroxyrisperidone. Basic information on the procedures is given in two tables and an example of quantification is illustrated in two figures. The pros and cons of such LC-MS procedures including sample work-up and ion suppression effects are critically discussed.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules

Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules

Title: Molecules

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049

Publication date (Electronic): 23 January 2020

Publication date Collection: February 2020

Volume: 25

Issue: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 483

Affiliations

Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongyebeilu Road, Jinan 250100, China; zhbsdengligang@ 123456shandong.cn (L.D.); zhbschenlu@ 123456shandong.cn (L.C.); zhbsguanshuai@ 123456shandong.cn (S.G.); zhbsliujunhua@ 123456shandong.cn (J.L.); zhbsLiangjingyun@ 123456shandong.cn (J.L.)

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: zhbslixia@ 123456shandong.cn (X.L.); zhbslizengmei@ 123456shandong.cn (Z.L.); Tel.: +0531-6665-7913 (X.L.); +0531-6665-7913 (Z.L.)

Article

Publisher ID: molecules-25-00483

DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030483

PMC ID: 7037347

PubMed ID: 31979297

SO-VID: fa5b4155-ab08-4781-b22b-f3d2655abda6

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 25 November 2019

Date accepted : 16 January 2020

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