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      Índice triglicéridos/colesterol de alta densidad y perfil lipídico en adolescentes escolares de una región andina del Perú Translated title: Triglycerides/high density cholesterol ratio and lipid profile in school adolescents from an Andean region of Peru

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          Abstract

          Introducción. El exceso de peso es un fenómeno creciente en población adolescente, sin embargo, los estudios sobre el perfil lipídico en adolescentes peruanos son escasos. Objetivo. Identificar los patrones del índice triglicéridos/colesterol HDL y perfil lipídico en escolares sin síndrome metabólico residentes en zonas urbanas de una región andina del Perú. Métodos. Estudio de fuente secundaria, los datos provienen del estudio «Frecuencia de Síndrome Metabólico en residentes de una región andina del Perú». De 586 estudiantes del estudio original, fueron excluidos 19 por tener diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. Se analizaron los niveles de glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol de alta densidad (HLD), colesterol de baja densidad (LDL) y triglicéridos. El colesterol no HDL fue calculado mediante la diferencia entre el colesterol total y HDL. El índice triglicérido/colesterol de alta densidad (Tg/HDL-C) es el cociente entre la concentración sérica de triglicéridos y colesterol HDL-C. Resultados. Analizamos el perfil lipídico de 567 adolescentes entre 11 y 16 años. La media del índice Tg/HDL-C fue de 2,9 (desviación estándar - DE: 2,35), la mediana fue de 2,3 con un intervalo intercuartil entre 1,62 y 3,51. El índice Tg/HDL-C ≥3 estuvo asociado con mayores niveles de colesterol no HDL, puntaje Z de IMC y perímetro de cintura. Conclusiones. La mitad de adolescentes escolares de una región andina del Perú tuvo un índice Tg/HDL-C entre 1,62 y 3,51. Un corte ≥3 en el índice Tg/HDL-C estuvo asociado a una mayor concentración de colesterol no HDL, puntaje Z de IMC, y perímetro de cintura, estos dos últimos son indicadores de exceso de peso.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction. Excess weight is a growing phenomenon in the adolescent population, however, studies on the lipid profile in Peruvian adolescents are scarce. Objective. To identify the patterns of triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio and lipid profile in schoolchildren without metabolic syndrome in urban areas of an Andean region of Peru. Methods. Secondary analysis database from the study «Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in residents of an Andean region of Peru». Of 586 students from the original study, 19 were excluded because they had a diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high density cholesterol (HLD), low density cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides were analyzed. Non-HDL cholesterol was calculated by the difference between total cholesterol and HDL. The triglyceride / HDL cholesterol index (Tg / HDL-C) is the ratio between the serum concentration of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. Results. We analyzed the lipid profile of 567 adolescents between 11 and 16 years old. The mean of the Tg/HDL-C ratio was 2.9 (standard deviation - SD: 2,35), the median was 2.3 with an interquartile range between 1,62 and 3,51. The Tg/HDL-C ratio ≥3 was associated with higher levels of non-HDL cholesterol, Z-score of BMI and waist circumference. Conclusions. Half of student adolescents in an Andean region of Peru had a Tg/HDL-C index between 1,62 and 3,51. A cut-point ≥3 in the Tg/HDL-C index was associated with a higher concentration of non HDL cholesterol, Z score of BMI, and waist circumference, these last two are indicators of excess weight.

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          A meta-analysis of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B as markers of cardiovascular risk.

          Whether apolipoprotein B (apoB) or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) adds to the predictive power of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for cardiovascular risk remains controversial. This meta-analysis is based on all the published epidemiological studies that contained estimates of the relative risks of non-HDL-C and apoB of fatal or nonfatal ischemic cardiovascular events. Twelve independent reports, including 233 455 subjects and 22 950 events, were analyzed. All published risk estimates were converted to standardized relative risk ratios (RRRs) and analyzed by quantitative meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Whether analyzed individually or in head-to-head comparisons, apoB was the most potent marker of cardiovascular risk (RRR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.51), LDL-C was the least (RRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.33), and non-HDL-C was intermediate (RRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.44). The overall comparisons of the within-study differences showed that apoB RRR was 5.7%>non-HDL-C (P LDL-C (P LDL-C (P=0.017). Only HDL-C accounted for any substantial portion of the variance of the results among the studies. We calculated the number of clinical events prevented by a high-risk treatment regimen of all those >70th percentile of the US adult population using each of the 3 markers. Over a 10-year period, a non-HDL-C strategy would prevent 300 000 more events than an LDL-C strategy, whereas an apoB strategy would prevent 500 000 more events than a non-HDL-C strategy. These results further validate the value of apoB in clinical care.
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            Plasma triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in young adults.

            Studies in mature adults suggest that the plasma concentration ratio of triglyceride (TG)/HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) provides a simple way to identify apparently healthy individuals who are insulin resistant (IR) and at increased cardiometabolic risk. This study extends these observations by examining the clinical utility of the TG/HDL-C ratio and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in 2,244 healthy college students (17-24 years old) of Mexican Mestizo ancestry. The TG/HDL-C ratio separating the 25% with the highest value was used to identify IR and increased cardiometabolic risk. Cardiometabolic risk factors were more adverse in men and women whose TG/HDL-C ratios exceeded 3.5 and 2.5, respectively, and approximately one third were identified as being IR. The MetS identified fewer individuals as being IR, but their risk profile was accentuated. In conclusion, both a higher TG/HDL-C ratio and a diagnosis of the MetS identify young IR individuals with an increased cardiometabolic risk profile. The TG/HDL-C ratio identified a somewhat greater number of "high risk" subjects, whereas the MetS found a group whose risk profile was somewhat magnified. These findings suggest that the TG/HDL-C ratio may serve as a simple and clinically useful approach to identify apparently healthy, young individuals who are IR and at increased cardiometabolic risk.
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              Triglyceride to HDL-C Ratio is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Overweight and Obese Children

              The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of triglyceride to hdl-c ratio (TG:HDL-C) as an insulin resistance (IR) marker for overweight and obese children. A total of 271 blood samples of obese and overweight children aged 9–16 years were analysed for fasting glucose, lipids and insulin. Children were divided into IR and non-insulin resistance, using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). The children were then stratified by tertiles of TG: HDL-C ratio. The strength between TG:HDL-C ratio and other parameters of IR were quantified using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Odds ratio was estimated using multiple logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, pubertal stages and IR potential risk factors. Children with IR had significantly higher TG:HDL-C ratio (2.48) (p = 0.01). TG:HDL-C ratio was significantly correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.104, p < 0.005) and waist circumference (r = 0.134, p < 0.001). Increasing tertiles of TG:HDL-C ratio showed significant increase in mean insulin level (p = 0.03), HOMA-IR (p = 0.04) and significantly higher number of children with acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome. The odds of having IR was about 2.5 times higher (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.23, 4.95; p = 0.01) for those in the highest tertiles of TG:HDL-C ratio. Hence, TG:HDL-C may be a useful tool to identify high risk individuals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                afm
                Anales de la Facultad de Medicina
                An. Fac. med.
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina (Lima, , Peru )
                1025-5583
                October 2018
                : 79
                : 4
                : 301-306
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Cajamarca orgdiv1Facultad Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Escuela Académico Profesional de Enfermería
                [02] Lima orgnameInstituto Nacional de Salud orgdiv1Oficina General de Investigación y Transferencia Tecnológica Perú
                Article
                S1025-55832018000400005
                10.15381/anales.v79i4.15634
                fa106733-a18e-4764-947a-c20723a4f41e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 December 2018
                : 24 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                Colesterol,Triglycerides,Cholesterol,HDL,LCL,Adolescent,Peru,Triglicéridos,HDL-Colesterol,LDL-Colesterol,Adolescente,Perú

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