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      Por que o Brasil ainda registra elevados coeficientes de transmissão vertical do HIV? Uma avaliação da qualidade da assistência prestada a gestantes / parturientes infectadas pelo HIV e seus recém-nascidos Translated title: Why does Brazil still report high rates of vertical HIV transmission? An evaluation of health care quality to HIV-infected pregnant women and their children

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: avaliar a assistência prestada a parturientes HIV+ e seus recém-nascidos (RN), e determinar os coeficientes de transmissão vertical (TV) do HIV em quatro capitais brasileiras. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo de coorte cuja população correspondeu a 1475 parturientes HIV+ e seus RN, assistidas de 1996 a 2003, em 17 maternidades públicas. As informações foram obtidas, retrospectivamente, a partir dos prontuários médicos e de um questionário estruturado (fase prospectiva) aplicado em 274 mulheres. RESULTADOS: quanto à assistência dispensada, verificou-se respectivamente nas fases retrospectiva e prospectiva do estudo, que cerca de 24% e 27% das gestantes não tiveram acesso sequer ao AZT oral; 19% e 10% das parturientes não receberam o AZT intravenoso; 8% e 7% dos bebês não foram medicados com o AZT solução oral. O coeficiente de TV foi de 5,6% variando de 2,9% a 7,5% nas cidades, e sendo maior no parto vaginal (8%) e na cirurgia cesariana não-eletiva (7%). CONCLUSÕES: o Programa Brasileiro de Redução da TV do HIV se revela frágil no que diz respeito à sua organização, administração e avaliação nos serviços de saúde. Para melhor entendimento dessas etapas, nos vários níveis de gestão, um modelo-guia é sugerido.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: to assess the health care provided to HIV+pregnant women and their children and determine vertical transmission rates in four Brazilian capitals. METHODS: a cohort study was performed in a population of 1475 HIV+pregnant women and their children, who received health care between 1996 and 2003, in 17 public maternities. Data were collected retrospectively from clinical records and 274 women were interviewed (prospective phase) based on a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: regarding quality of health care, it was verified in the retrospective and prospective phases of the study, respectively, that 24% and 27% of women did not even receive oral AZT; 19% and 10% did not receive intravenous AZT; 8% and 7% of babies did not receive oral AZT. The vertical transmission rate was 5,6% varying from 2,9% to 7,5% between cities and being higher in vaginal delivers (8%) and non-elective caesarian section (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian Program for Reducing HIV Vertical Transmission is vulnerable due to the lack of organization, administration and evaluation in the health services. A model-guidance is suggested with steps necessary for a better understanding in all levels of these managerial steps.

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          Most cited references17

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          Assistência Pré-Natal: Manual Técnico

          (2000)
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            Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial

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              Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus.

              The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 reported a reduction in the rate of perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from 25.5 percent to 8.3 percent with a three-part regimen of zidovudine given ante partum, intra partum, and to the newborn. We examined the effects of abbreviated zidovudine regimens on perinatal HIV transmission using data from the HIV polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing service of the New York State Department of Health. Pregnant women who received abbreviated regimens rather than the recommended regimens did so because of limited prenatal care or by choice. The requisition form used by the PCR testing service included information on the demographic characteristics of the infants and the timing of any perinatal treatment with zidovudine. We also analyzed data on the timing of zidovudine prophylaxis collected by chart review in a subgroup of 454 infants as a means of validating the results in the entire cohort. From August 1, 1995, through January 31, 1997, specimens from 939 HIV-exposed infants who were 180 days of age or younger were submitted for PCR testing. The rates of perinatal HIV transmission varied depending on when zidovudine prophylaxis was begun. When treatment was begun in the prenatal period, the rate of HIV transmission was 6.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4.1 to 8.9 percent); when begun intra partum, the rate was 10.0 percent (3.3 to 21.8 percent); when begun within the first 48 hours of life, the rate was 9.3 percent (4.1 to 17.5 percent); and when begun on day 3 of life or later, the rate was 18.4 percent (7.7 to 34.3 percent). In the absence of zidovudine prophylaxis, the rate of HIV transmission was 26.6 percent (21.1 to 32.7 percent). These results confirm the efficacy of zidovudine prophylaxis and suggest that there are reductions in the rates of perinatal transmission of HIV even with the use of abbreviated regimens that are begun intra partum or in the first 48 hours of life.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbsmi
                Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil
                Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.
                Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (Recife, PR, Brazil )
                1519-3829
                1806-9304
                December 2005
                : 5
                : 4
                : 483-492
                Affiliations
                [02] Brasília DF orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv1Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares orgdiv2Núcleo de Estudos de Saúde Pública Brasil
                [01] orgnameMinistério da Saúde orgdiv1Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde orgdiv2Programa Nacional de DST e AIDS
                Article
                S1519-38292005000400012 S1519-3829(05)00500412
                f9aaf118-22fd-4635-96c7-e137b655b24f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 December 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                vertical,Parto,Avaliação de Programas,Cuidado pré-natal,Gravidez,Transmissão vertical de doença,HIV,Parturition,Program evaluation,Prenatal care,Pregnancy,Disease transmission

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