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      Incidência de suicídio consumado em cidades do meio oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil Translated title: Incidence of consummate suicide in Midwest cities of Santa Catarina, Brazil Translated title: Incidencia del suicidio consumado en ciudades del medio oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a incidência de suicídio consumado e características dos indivíduos que cometeram suicídio em 9 municípios da região do Meio Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil (Videira, Arroio Trinta, Fraiburgo, Ibiam, Iomerê, Pinheiro Preto, Monte Carlo, Salto Veloso e Tangará) entre janeiro de 2014 e julho de 2019, com o intuito de traçar o perfil epidemiológico das vítimas de suicídio no local. Através dos dados disponíveis no Instituto Geral de Perícias de Videira obteve-se os seguintes resultados: ocorreram 71 suicídios na região, com variação entre 10 e 15 mortes anuais, sendo 2014 e 2017 os anos com maiores registros. O maior número de suicídios está entre a população masculina, adultos, casados e que possuem o Ensino Fundamental Incompleto. Entre os homens a faixa etária mais acometida foi entre os 20 a 39 anos e entre as mulheres foi entre 40 a 59 anos. O enforcamento foi a causa mais frequente do suicídio na amostra geral, seguido das armas de fogo (entre os homens) e a intoxicação exógena (entre as mulheres). Os meses com mais ocorrências registradas foram abril e julho. Não foi identificado, com base nas frequências, relação direta entre ingestão de álcool, drogas ou medicamentos no ato do suicídio. Videira representou 52% de todas as mortes por suicídio da região, seguido pelo município de Fraiburgo, com 25%.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of consummate suicide and the characteristics of individuals who committed suicide in 9 municipalities in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Videira, Arroio Trinta, Fraiburgo, Ibiam, Iomerê, Pinheiro Preto, Monte Carlo, Salto Veloso and Tangará) between January 2014 and July 2019, in order to trace the epidemiological profile of victims in the area. From the data available at the Videira General Institute of Forensics, the following results were obtained: 71 suicides occurred in the region, ranging from 10 to 15 annual deaths, with 2014 and 2017 being the years with the highest records. The highest number of suicides is among the male, adult, married and with incomplete elementary school education. Among men, the most affected age group was between 20 and 39 years old and among women it was between 40 and 59 years old. Hanging was the most frequent cause of suicide in the overall sample, followed by firearms (among men) and exogenous intoxication (among women). The months with the most occurrences recorded were April and July. It was not identified, based on the frequencies, a direct relationship between alcohol, drug or medication intake at the time of suicide. Videira accounted for 52% of all suicide deaths in the region, followed by the municipality of Fraiburgo, with 25%.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la incidencia del suicidio consumado y las características de los individuos que se suicidaron en 9 municipios de la región Medio Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil (Videira, Arroio Trinta, Fraiburgo, Ibiam, Iomerê, Pinheiro Preto, Monte Carlo, Salto Veloso y Tangará) entre enero de 2014 y julio de 2019, con la intención de trazar el perfil epidemiológico de las víctimas de suicidio en la región. A través de los datos disponibles en el Instituto General de Investigaciones de Videira se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: hubo 71 suicidios en la región, con un rango entre 10 y 15 muertes anuales, siendo 2014 y 2017 los años con mayores registros. El mayor número de suicidios se da entre la población masculina, adultos, casados y con educación primaria incompleta. Entre los hombres, el grupo de edad más recurrente fue el de 20 a 39 años y entre las mujeres, el grupo de edad de los 40 a 59 años. El ahorcamiento fue la causa más frecuente de suicidio en la muestra general, seguida por armas de fuego (en los hombres) y la intoxicación exógena (en las mujeres). Los meses con más suicidios registrados fueron los de abril y julio. No se identificó, en base a las frecuencias, una relación directa entre la ingesta de alcohol, drogas o medicación en el momento del suicidio. Videira representó el 52% de todas las muertes por suicidio en la región, seguida por el municipio de Fraiburgo, con el 25%.

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          Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective

          Suicide is a worldwide phenomenon. This review is based on a literature search of the World Health Organization (WHO) databases and PubMed. According to the WHO, in 2015, about 800,000 suicides were documented worldwide, and globally 78% of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, suicides account for 1.4% of premature deaths worldwide. Differences arise between regions and countries with respect to the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of the individual and the respective country, method of suicide, and access to health care. During the second and third decades of life, suicide is the second leading cause of death. Completed suicides are three times more common in males than females; for suicide attempts, an inverse ratio can be found. Suicide attempts are up to 30 times more common compared to suicides; they are however important predictors of repeated attempts as well as completed suicides. Overall, suicide rates vary among the sexes and across lifetimes, whereas methods differ according to countries. The most commonly used methods are hanging, self-poisoning with pesticides, and use of firearms. The majority of suicides worldwide are related to psychiatric diseases. Among those, depression, substance use, and psychosis constitute the most relevant risk factors, but also anxiety, personality-, eating- and trauma-related disorders as well as organic mental disorders significantly add to unnatural causes of death compared to the general population. Overall, the matter at hand is relatively complex and a significant amount of underreporting is likely to be present. Nevertheless, suicides can, at least partially, be prevented by restricting access to means of suicide, by training primary care physicians and health workers to identify people at risk as well as to assess and manage respective crises, provide adequate follow-up care and address the way this is reported by the media. Suicidality represents a major societal and health care problem; it thus should be given a high priority in many realms.
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            The gender paradox in suicide.

            In most Western countries females have higher rates of suicidal ideation and behavior than males, yet mortality from suicide is typically lower for females than for males. This article explores the gender paradox of suicidal behavior, examines its validity, and critically examines some of the explanations, concluding that the gender paradox of suicidal behavior is a real phenomenon and not a mere artifact of data collection. At the same time, the gender paradox in suicide is a more culture-bound phenomenon than has been traditionally assumed; cultural expectations about gender and suicidal behavior strongly determine its existence. Evidence from the United States and Canada suggests that the gender gap may be more prominent in communities where different suicidal behaviors are expected of females and males. These divergent expectations may affect the scenarios chosen by females and males, once suicide becomes a possibility, as well as the interpretations of those who are charged with determining whether a particular behavior is suicidal (e.g., coroners). The realization that cultural influences play an important role in the gender paradox of suicidal behaviors holds important implications for research and for public policy.
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              Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a worldwide perspective.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bapp
                Boletim - Academia Paulista de Psicologia
                Bol. - Acad. Paul. Psicol.
                Academia Paulista de Psicologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1415-711X
                December 2020
                : 40
                : 99
                : 216-226
                Affiliations
                [02] Videira SC orgnameUniversidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Curso de Psicologia Brasil adriano.psicologia@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                [01] Videira SC orgnameUniversidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Brasil carol.carboni@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1415-711X2020000200006 S1415-711X(20)04009900006
                f9635fc8-3148-4b14-a717-44cd683200e6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 July 2020
                : 04 August 2020
                : 20 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Teorias, Investigações e Estudos de Caso

                suicide,epidemiology,mortality,suicidio,epidemiología,mortalidad,suicídio,epidemiologia,mortalidade

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