A Versatile and Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Sensing Platform for Detection of Chlorpromazine Based on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots/Cuprous Oxide Composite

Abstract

The excessive intake of chlorpromazine (CPZ) adversely affects human health profoundly, leading to a series of severe diseases such as hepatomegaly and dyskinesia. The rapid and precise detection of CPZ in real samples is of great significance for its effective surveillance. Herein, a versatile and sensitive electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of antipsychotic drug CPZ based on a Nafion (Nf)-supported nitrogen-doped carbon dots/cuprous oxide (N-CDs/Cu ₂O) composite. The as-synthesized N-CDs/Cu ₂O composite was systematically characterized using various physicochemical techniques. The developed composite-based sensor displayed excellent performance towards CPZ determination in a dynamic linear range of 0.001–230 µM with the detection limit of 25 nM. Remarkably, the developed sensor displayed good performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, good anti-interference properties toward CPZ determination were attained despite the presence of highly concentrated interfering compounds. Therefore, this composite could be a notable potential modifier to enhance electrocatalytic activity onto the surface of the electrode. Finally, N-CDs/Cu ₂O/Nf-based sensor was effectively applied for quantification of CPZ in human urine and pharmaceutical formulation samples.