Ayesa Syenina:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0061-8401
Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Esther S. Gan: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole:
MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
Justin Z. N. Toh: Role: Investigation
Ruklanthi de Alwis: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: Methodology
Lowell Z. Lin: Role: Investigation
Christine Y. L. Tham: Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: Methodology
Jia Xin Yee: Role: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Resources
Yan Shan Leong: Role: Project administrationRole: Resources
Huizhen Sam: Role: Project administrationRole: Resources
Charlene Cheong: Role: Project administrationRole: Resources
Yii Ean Teh: Role: Resources
Ian L. E. Wee: Role: Resources
Dorothy H. L. Ng: Role: Resources
Kuan Rong Chan: Role: Methodology
Jean X. Y. Sim: Role: Resources
Shirin Kalimuddin: Role: Resources
Eugenia Z. Ong: Role: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Validation
Jenny G. Low: Role: ResourcesRole: Supervision
Eng Eong Ooi:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-1544
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Xuping Xie: Role: Academic Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Biol
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLoS Biology
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Print):
1544-9173
ISSN
(Electronic):
1545-7885
Publication date
(Electronic):
31
May
2022
Publication date Collection:
May
2022
Publication date PMC-release: 31
May
2022
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Electronic Location Identifier: e3001643
Affiliations
[1
]
Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
[2
]
Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical
Centre, Singapore
[3
]
School of Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore
[4
]
Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
[5
]
Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, UNITED STATES
Author notes
The authors have declared no competing interests exists.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PBIOLOGY-D-22-00476
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001643
PMC ID: 9154185
PubMed ID: 35639676
SO-VID: f93e29dd-f4c7-418a-959b-c901809b5195
Copyright © © 2022 Syenina et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001349, National Medical Research Council;
Award ID: OFLCG19May-0034
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-1544
Eng Eong Ooi
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001349, National Medical Research Council;
Award ID: MOH-000135-00
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-1544
Eng Eong Ooi
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001349, National Medical Research Council;
Award ID: MOH-OFYIRG18nov-0004
Award Recipient
:
Ruklanthi de Alwis
This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Open Fund-Large
Collaborative Grant (OFLCG19May-0034) and Senior Clinician-Scientist Award (MOH-000135-00)
to E.E.O, and the Open Fund-Young Investigator Research Grant (MOH-OFIRG18nov-0004)
to R.D.A. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision
to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
Subject:
Animal Cells
Subject:
Blood Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Cell Biology
Subject:
Cellular Types
Subject:
Animal Cells
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune Cells
Subject:
White Blood Cells
Subject:
T Cells
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
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Clinical Medicine
Subject:
Signs and Symptoms
Subject:
Fatigue
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Cell biology
Subject:
Cellular types
Subject:
Animal cells
Subject:
Blood cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
NK cells
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Cell biology
Subject:
Cellular types
Subject:
Animal cells
Subject:
Immune cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
NK cells
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
NK cells
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Immune cells
Subject:
White blood cells
Subject:
NK cells
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Genetics
Subject:
Gene Expression
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Vaccine Development
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Vaccine Development
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Vaccine Development
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Infectious Disease Control
Subject:
Vaccines
Subject:
Viral Vaccines
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Virology
Subject:
Viral Vaccines
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical microbiology
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
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SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Medicine and health sciences
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Pathology and laboratory medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial pathogens
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral pathogens
Subject:
Coronaviruses
Subject:
SARS coronavirus
Subject:
SARS CoV 2