Consumption of pasteurized human lysozyme transgenic goats’ milk alters serum metabolite profile in young pigs

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Abstract

Nutrition, bacterial composition of the gastrointestinal tract, and general health status can all influence the metabolic profile of an organism. We previously demonstrated that feeding pasteurized transgenic goats’ milk expressing human lysozyme (hLZ) can positively impact intestinal morphology and modulate intestinal microbiota composition in young pigs. The objective of this study was to further examine the effect of consuming hLZ-containing milk on young pigs by profiling serum metabolites. Pigs were placed into two groups and fed a diet of solid food and either control (non-transgenic) goats’ milk or milk from hLZ-transgenic goats for 6 weeks. Serum samples were collected at the end of the feeding period and global metabolite profiling was performed. For a total of 225 metabolites (160 known, 65 unknown) semi-quantitative data was obtained. Levels of 18 known and 4 unknown metabolites differed significantly between the two groups with the direction of change in 13 of the 18 known metabolites being almost entirely congruent with improved health status, particularly in terms of the gastrointestinal tract health and immune response, with the effects of the other five being neutral or unknown. These results further support our hypothesis that consumption of hLZ-containing milk is beneficial to health.

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Tissue levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids during early human development.

Manuela Martinez (1992)

Long-chain fatty acids are analyzed in tissues from infants whose cause of death was not neurologically related. Total n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acid amounts increased in the whole forebrain during the prenatal and postnatal periods up to at least 2 years of age. The most abundant brain polyunsaturated fatty acids were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3), arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4n-6), and adrenic acid (22:4n-6). In neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition for several days, the DHA/AA ratio was outside the normal range in the liver but within the normal range in the brain. Two other children received total parenteral nutrition for many months, but only the one born at 29 weeks of gestation had a low brain DHA/AA ratio. Another infant, born at 25 weeks of gestation, had been fed milk formulas containing high linoleate/alpha-linolenate ratios for 4 months. This infant had less DHA and a lower DHA/AA ratio in both the brain and the retina than had term infants. These data suggest that preterm infants are especially at risk for the effects of dietary fatty acid imbalances.

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Antidiabetic effect of probiotic dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in high fructose fed rats.

Hariom Yadav, Shalini Jain, Baxi N P Sinha … (2006)

We investigated the effect of low-fat (2.5%) dahi containing probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei on progression of high fructose-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by feeding 21% fructose in water. The body weight, food and water intakes, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, oral glucose tolerance test, plasma insulin, liver glycogen content, and blood lipid profile were recorded. The oxidative status in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reduced glutathione contents in liver and pancreatic tissues were also measured. Values for blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose intolerance, plasma insulin, liver glycogen, plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood free fatty acids were increased significantly after 8 wk of high fructose feeding; however, the dahi-supplemented diet restricted the elevation of these parameters in comparison with the high fructose-fed control group. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased slightly and was retained in the dahi-fed group. The dahi-fed group also exhibited lower values of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and higher values of reduced glutathione in liver and pancreatic tissues compared with the high fructose-fed control group. The probiotic dahi-supplemented diet significantly delayed the onset of glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress in high fructose-induced diabetic rats, indicating a lower risk of diabetes and its complications.