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      Effect of dietary phytoestrogens on human growth regulation: imprinting in health & disease

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          Abstract

          This group has advocated a return to the notional Palæolithic diet with fruits, vegetables, roots, leaves, seeds, phytochemical antioxidants and proteins, etc. Phytoestrogens, viz. lignans, isoflavonoids and flavonoids are weak oestrogenic constituents of such a diet and may have a considerable impact on human health and disease. The aim of this paper was to conduct a preliminary overview of about 2000 research-led studies from the 1930s to the present time reported in the literature on flavonoids/isoflavonoids/lignans and to assemble evidence for a future strictly formal literature review on the health benefits and risks of flavonoids in a variety of diseases.

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          ACETYLATION AND METHYLATION OF HISTONES AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE IN THE REGULATION OF RNA SYNTHESIS.

          V. G. Allfrey, R. Faulkner, A. E. Mirsky (1964)
          Article 0 comments Cited 273 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Epigenetics and the placenta.

            Ewka Nelissen, Aafke van Montfoort, John Dumoulin … (2015)
            The placenta is of utmost importance for intrauterine fetal development and growth. Deregulation of placentation can lead to adverse outcomes for both mother and fetus, e.g. gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation. A significant factor in placental development and function is epigenetic regulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge in the field of epigenetics in relation to placental development and function. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Medline and reference sections of all relevant studies and reviews. Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.
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              Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning.

              Shishir Shishodia, Bharat B. Aggarwal (2004)
              The activation of nuclear transcription factor kappaB has now been linked with a variety of inflammatory diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, diabetes, allergy, asthma, arthritis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, psoriasis, septic shock, and AIDS. Extensive research in the last few years has shown that the pathway that activates this transcription factor can be interrupted by phytochemicals derived from spices such as turmeric (curcumin), red pepper (capsaicin), cloves (eugenol), ginger (gingerol), cumin, anise, and fennel (anethol), basil and rosemary (ursolic acid), garlic (diallyl sulfide, S-allylmercaptocysteine, ajoene), and pomegranate (ellagic acid). For the first time, therefore, research provides "reasoning for seasoning."
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Indian J Med Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Indian J. Med. Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJMR
                Title: The Indian Journal of Medical Research
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0971-5916
                ISSN (Electronic): 0975-9174
                Publication date (Print): November 2014
                Volume: 140
                Issue: Suppl 1
                Pages: S82-S90
                Affiliations
                [1] Cancer Research, Cardiff University, Stockton-on-Tees, TS17 6BH, United Kingdom
                [* ] Wolfson Institute for Health & Wellbeing, School of Medicine & Health, Queen's Campus, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, TS17 6BH, United Kingdom
                [** ] TsimTsoum Institute, Ulica Gołębia 2, 31-007 Kraków, Poland
                Author notes
                Reprint requests: Dr Douglas W. Wilson, School of Medicine Pharmacy & Health, Queen's Campus, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, TS176 BH, United Kingdom e-mail: d.w.wilson@ 123456durham.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJMR-140-82
                PMC ID: 4345759
                PubMed ID: 25673549
                SO-VID: f7efabf8-8445-4f32-8763-94bfdadd51af
                Copyright © Copyright: © Indian Journal of Medical Research
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 22 January 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: antioxidants,cancer,endocrine,epidemiology,epigenetics,flavonoids,imprinting
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: antioxidants, cancer, endocrine, epidemiology, epigenetics, flavonoids, imprinting

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