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      Twinning in MAPbI 3 at room temperature uncovered through Laue neutron diffraction

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          Abstract

          The crystal structure of MAPbI 3, the signature compound of the hybrid halide perovskites, at room temperature has been a reason for debate and confusion in the past. Part of this confusion may be due to twinning as the material bears a phase transition just above room temperature, which follows a direct group–subgroup relationship and is prone to twinning. Using neutron Laue diffraction, we illustrate the nature of twinning in the room temperature structure of MAPbI 3 and explain its origins from a group-theoretical point-of-view.

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          High-quality bulk hybrid perovskite single crystals within minutes by inverse temperature crystallization

          Makhsud Saidaminov, Ahmed Abdelhady, Banavoth Murali … (2015)
          Single crystals of methylammonium lead trihalide perovskites (MAPbX3; MA=CH3NH3 +, X=Br− or I−) have shown remarkably low trap density and charge transport properties; however, growth of such high-quality semiconductors is a time-consuming process. Here we present a rapid crystal growth process to obtain MAPbX3 single crystals, an order of magnitude faster than previous reports. The process is based on our observation of the substantial decrease of MAPbX3 solubility, in certain solvents, at elevated temperatures. The crystals can be both size- and shape-controlled by manipulating the different crystallization parameters. Despite the rapidity of the method, the grown crystals exhibit transport properties and trap densities comparable to the highest quality MAPbX3 reported to date. The phenomenon of inverse or retrograde solubility and its correlated inverse temperature crystallization strategy present a major step forward for advancing the field on perovskite crystallization.
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            The rapid evolution of highly efficient perovskite solar cells

            Wolfgang Tress, Michael Saliba, Antonio Abate … (2017)
            The latest developments in the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells are summarized. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention because of their rapid rise to 22% efficiencies. Here, we review the rapid evolution of PSCs as they enter a new phase that could revolutionize the photovoltaic industry. In particular, we describe the properties that make perovskites so remarkable, and the current understanding of the PSC device physics, including the operation of state-of-the-art solar cells with efficiencies above 20%. The extraordinary progress of long-term stability is discussed and we provide an outlook on what the future of PSCs might soon bring the photovoltaic community. Some challenges remain in terms of reducing non-radiative recombination and increasing conductivity of the different device layers, and these will be discussed in depth in this review.
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              Direct Observation of Ferroelectric Domains in Solution-Processed CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Films.

              Yasemin Kutes, Linghan Ye, Yuanyuan Zhou … (2014)
              A new generation of solid-state photovoltaics is being made possible by the use of organometal-trihalide perovskite materials. While some of these materials are expected to be ferroelectric, almost nothing is known about their ferroelectric properties experimentally. Using piezoforce microscopy (PFM), here we show unambiguously, for the first time, the presence of ferroelectric domains in high-quality β-CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films that have been synthesized using a new solution-processing method. The size of the ferroelectric domains is found to be about the size of the grains (∼100 nm). We also present evidence for the reversible switching of the ferroelectric domains by poling with DC biases. This suggests the importance of further PFM investigations into the local ferroelectric behavior of hybrid perovskites, in particular in situ photoeffects. Such investigations could contribute toward the basic understanding of photovoltaic mechanisms in perovskite-based solar cells, which is essential for the further enhancement of the performance of these promising photovoltaics.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Joachim Breternitz: Joachim.breternitz@helmholtz-berlin.de
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 October 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 6 October 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 16613
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.424048.e, ISNI 0000 0001 1090 3682, Department Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, ; Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
                [2 ]GRID grid.14095.39, ISNI 0000 0000 9116 4836, Department Geosciences, , Freie Universität Berlin, ; Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
                Article
                Publisher ID: 73487
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73487-1
                PMC ID: 7538425
                PubMed ID: 33024187
                SO-VID: f7e98bc1-cd02-43bd-aec1-329d2359d028
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 27 April 2020
                Date accepted : 15 September 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013110, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie;
                Award ID: 17205680-EF
                Funded by: Projekt DEAL
                Open Access :

                Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: solar cells,energy,materials science,characterization and analytical techniques
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
                Keywords: solar cells, energy, materials science, characterization and analytical techniques

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