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      CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO ATAQUE DE FUNGOS APODRECEDORES DE MADEIRAS ATRAVÉS DA COLORIMETRIA E DA ESPECTROSCOPIA DE INFRAVERMELHO Translated title: CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD DECAY BY ROT FUNGI USING COLORIMETRY AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

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          RESUMO Amostras de madeiras de marupá (Simarouba amara) e andiroba (Carapa guianenis) foram submetidas ao ataque dos fungos Trametes versicolor (podridão branca) e Gloeophylum trabeum (podridão parda). A colorimetria foi empregada para determinar as cores das madeiras antes e após o ataque dos fungos. Para acompanhar a variação do teor dos compostos químicos foi utilizada a técnica de espectroscopia de refletância difusa no infravermelho médio. Ambas as espécies foram consideradas não resistentes ao fungo de podridão branca. Para o fungo de podridão parda, a andiroba foi considerada resistente e o marupá não resistente. Ambas as espécies de madeira se apresentaram mais escuras após o ataque do fungo Gloeophyllum trabeum. Já o ataque do fungo Trametes versicolor causou clareamento na madeira da andiroba e escureceu ligeiramente o marupá. Os resultados da análise dos espectros de infravermelho mostraram que em ambas as espécies de madeira houve redução na intensidade das bandas de celulose, hemiceluloses e lignina após o ataque do Trametes versicolor, e redução somente na intensidade da banda de celulose após o ataque do Gloeophyllum trabeum.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Wood samples of marupá (Simarouba amara) and andiroba (Carapa guianenis) were submitted to Trametes versicolor (white rot) and Gloeophylum trabeum (brown rot) fungi attack. Colorimetry was used to determine the color of the wood before and after wood decaying fungi. To evaluate the changes in chemical compounds levels in the wood samples, the diffuse reflectance medium infrared spectroscopy was used. Both wood were nonresistant against white rot fungus, while with brown rot attack andiroba was resistant and marupá was not. After Gloeophyllum trabeum attack both woods changed to a darken color, and after Trametes versicolor attack andiroba changed to a lighter color and marupá darkened slightly, The analysis showed a reduction in the peak intensity of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, for both species, after Trametes versicolor attack and a reduction in the peak intensity of cellulose after Gloeophyllum trabeum attack.

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          FTIR studies of the changes in wood chemistry following decay by brown-rot and white-rot fungi

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            Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation.

            The yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as a result of UV-irradiation were studied using two different types of xenon lamps (lambda>300 nm; I(o)=50 mW cm(-2) and lambda>280 nm; I(o)=17.5 mW cm(-2)). Changes in the IR spectra as well as the yellowing of the irradiated wood surfaces show the influence of UV light on the wood modules. The UV-irradiation (72 h; lambda>300 nm; I(o)=50 mW cm(-2)) decreased the lignin content on the surface by up to 20% of the original values. The colour difference of yellowing (deltaE) exhibited a systematic trend to higher values with increasing irradiation time. Our results show that the photoyellowing (UV-Vis detection) correlates very well with lignin degradation (IR detection). This result is in agreement with the quinone formation as the chromophoric reaction product of lignin decay. The degradation, yellowing, and oxidation kinetics differed only little using different light sources. The absorbed light intensity, which depends on wavelength, the intensity distribution of the light source and the absorption spectrum of lignin, influenced the degradation rate. Under the current experimental conditions, the absorption spectrum of lignin was the most important factor. Therefore, irradiation with lambda>280 nm is useful for rapidly monitoring the UV-degradation of wood Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.
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              Screening wood decayed by white rot fungi for preferential lignin degradation.

              A screening procedure in which scanning electron microscopy was used indicated that 26 white rot fungi selectively removed lignin from various coniferous and hardwood tree species. Delignified wood from field collections had distinct micromorphological characteristics that were easily differentiated from other types of decay. The middle lamella was degraded, and the cells were separated from one another. Secondary cell wall layers that remained had a fibrillar appearance. Chemical analyses of delignified wood indicated that the cells were composed primarily of cellulose. Only small percentages of lignin and hemicellulose were evident. Delignified wood was not uniformly distributed throughout the decayed wood samples. White-pocket and white-mottled areas of the various decayed wood examined contained delignified cells, but adjacent wood had a nonselective removal of lignin where all cell wall components had been degraded simultaneously. This investigation demonstrates that selective delignification among white rot fungi is more prevalent than previously realized and identifies a large number of fungi for use in studies of preferential lignin degradation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cflo
                Ciência Florestal
                Ciênc. Florest.
                Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (Santa Maria, RS, Brazil )
                0103-9954
                1980-5098
                September 2011
                : 21
                : 3
                : 567-577
                Affiliations
                [2] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília Brazil lucate@ 123456unb.br
                [3] Distrito Federal orgnameMinistério do Meio Ambiente Brazil
                [1] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília Brazil almeida.mira@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília Brazil jez@ 123456unb.br
                [5] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília Brazil goncalez@ 123456unb.br
                Article
                S1980-50982011000300567
                10.5902/198050983814
                f7af7450-dd02-4b7c-bbbe-53d892dbb974

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 29, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Brazil


                biodeterioração,podridão parda,podridão branca,técnicas não destrutivas,bio-deterioration,brown rot,white rot,nondestructive techniques

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