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Non-coding RNAs in human disease
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Abstract
The relevance of the non-coding genome to human disease has mainly been studied in
the context of the widespread disruption of microRNA (miRNA) expression and function
that is seen in human cancer. However, we are only beginning to understand the nature
and extent of the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in disease. Other ncRNAs,
such as PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), transcribed
ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) and large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are
emerging as key elements of cellular homeostasis. Along with microRNAs, dysregulation
of these ncRNAs is being found to have relevance not only to tumorigenesis, but also
to neurological, cardiovascular, developmental and other diseases. There is great
interest in therapeutic strategies to counteract these perturbations of ncRNAs.