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Abstract
It is in the interest of operators of anaerobic digestion plants to maximise methane
production whilst concomitantly reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the digested
material. Although the production of biogas through anaerobic digestion is not a new
idea, commercial anaerobic digestion processes are often operated at well below their
optimal performance due to a variety of factors. This paper reviews current optimisation
techniques associated with anaerobic digestion and suggests possible areas where improvements
could be made, including the basic design considerations of a single or multi-stage
reactor configuration, the type, power and duration of the mixing regime and the retention
of active microbial biomass within the reactor. Optimisation of environmental conditions
within the digester such as temperature, pH, buffering capacity and fatty acid concentrations
is also discussed. The methane-producing potential of various agriculturally sourced
feedstocks has been examined, as has the advantages of co-digestion to improve carbon-to-nitrogen
ratios and the use of pre-treatments and additives to improve hydrolysis rates or
supplement essential nutrients which may be limiting. However, perhaps the greatest
shortfall in biogas production is the lack of reliable sensory equipment to monitor
key parameters and suitable, parallelised control systems to ensure that the process
continually operates at optimal performance. Modern techniques such as software sensors
and powerful, flexible controllers are capable of solving these problems. A direct
comparison can be made here with, for instance, oil refineries where a more mature
technology uses continuous in situ monitoring and associated feedback procedures to
routinely deliver continuous, optimal performance.