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      Current State and New Horizons in Applications of Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM): A Workshop Report

      review-article
      1 , , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 3 , 6 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 2 , 12 , 13 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 5 , 16 , 17 , 5 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 14 , 3 , 20 , 5 , 3 , 5 , 21 , 5
      Molecular Pharmaceutics
      American Chemical Society
      PBBM (physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling), PBPK (physiologically based pharmacokinetics), virtual bioequivalence (VBE) , dissolution safe space, generic product development, regulatory applications, clinically relevant dissolution specifications (CRDS) , drug product quality, patient centric drug product quality standards

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          Abstract

          This report summarizes the proceedings for Day 3 of the workshop titled “ Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Modeling (PBBM) Best Practices for Drug Product Quality: Regulatory and Industry Perspectives ”. This day focused on the current and future drug product quality applications of PBBM from the innovator and generic industries as well as the regulatory agencies perspectives. The presentations, which included several case studies, covered the applications of PBBM in generic drug product development, applications of virtual bioequivalence trials to support formulation bridging and the utility of absorption modeling in clinical pharmacology assessments. In addition, recent progress in the prediction of colon absorption and in vivo performance of extended-release drug products was shared. The morning session was concluded by representatives from FDA, ANVISA, MHRA, Health Canada, EMA, and PMDA giving their perspectives on the application of PBBM in regulatory submissions. The afternoon breakout sessions focused on four parallel topics: 1) PBBM in generic drug product development; 2) virtual bioequivalence trials applications; 3) safe space and extrapolation; and 4) regional absorption and modified release PBBM applications. This allowed the participants to engage in in-depth discussions of best practices as well to identify key points of consideration to allow further progress on the applications of PBBM.

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          Most cited references28

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          The gastrointestinal microbiota as a site for the biotransformation of drugs.

          There are 100 trillion microbes in the human gastrointestinal tract with numbers increasing distally. These microbiota secrete a diverse array of enzymes (primarily for carbohydrate and protein fermentation) giving them substantial metabolic potential which can have major implications for drug stability. At least thirty drugs which are, or have been, available commercially, were subsequently shown to be substrates for these bacterial enzymes, and with increasing numbers of new and existing drugs having the potential for contact with the distal gut (through modified release systems or poor solubility/permeability), many more are expected to be discovered. The major concern with bacterial drug degradation is the behaviour of the metabolite; is it more or less active than the parent compound, or has toxicity resulted? For example, there were eighteen deaths in 1993 due to a drug interaction in which a toxic drug metabolite was produced by bacterial fermentation. Thus, the objective of this review is the provision of a comprehensive overview of this area; the gastrointestinal microbiota, their drug substrates and metabolic mechanisms, and approaches to studying this further are discussed.
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            Intestinal fluid volumes and transit of dosage forms as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

            The gastrointestinal transit of sequentially administered capsules was investigated in relation to the availability of fluid along the intestinal lumen by magnetic resonance imaging. Water-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 12 healthy subjects during fasting and 1 h after a meal. Specifiable non-disintegrating capsules were administered at 7, 4 and 1 h prior to imaging. While food intake reduced the mean fluid volumes in the small intestine (105 +/- 72 mL vs. 54 +/- 41 mL, P < 0.01) it had no significant effect on the mean fluid volumes in the colon (13 +/- 12 mL vs. 18 +/- 26 mL). The mean number of separated fluid pockets increased in both organs after meal (small intestine: 4 vs. 6, P < 0.05; large intestine: 4 vs. 6, P < 0.05). The distribution of capsules between the small and large intestine was strongly influenced by food (colon: 3 vs. 17 capsules, P < 0.01). The results show that fluid is not homogeneously distributed along the gut, which likely contributes to the individual variability of drug absorption. Furthermore, transport of fluid and solids through the ileocaecal valve is obviously initiated by a meal-induced gastro-ileocaecal reflex.
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              Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mol Pharm
                Mol Pharm
                mp
                mpohbp
                Molecular Pharmaceutics
                American Chemical Society
                1543-8384
                1543-8392
                16 December 2024
                06 January 2025
                : 22
                : 1
                : 5-27
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Biopharmaceutics Science, New Modalities & Parenteral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg 43183, Sweden
                [2 ]Janssen Pharmaceutica NV , Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
                [3 ]Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20903-1058, United States
                [4 ]Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA) , SIA Trecho 5 - Guará, Brasília, Distrito Federal 71205-050, Brazil
                [5 ]Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
                [6 ]Bayer HealthCare SAS, Lille, France, on behalf of Pharmacometrics/Modeling & Simulation, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG , Leverkusen 51368, Germany
                [7 ]Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
                [8 ]Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG , Basel 4056, Switzerland
                [9 ]Biopharmaceutics Group, Global Clinical Management, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd., Integrated Product Development Organization (IPDO), Bachupally , Medchal Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 090, India
                [10 ]European Medicines Agency (EMA) , Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, Amsterdam 1083 HS, The Netherlands
                [11 ]Swedish Medical Products Agency , Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
                [12 ]Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency , London E14 4PU, United Kingdom
                [13 ]Clinical Pharmacology, Kura Oncology, Inc. , Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
                [14 ]Regulatory Strategies Center of Excellence, Simulations Plus, Inc. , 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California 93534-7059, United States
                [15 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland , Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
                [16 ]Regulatory CMC, AstraZeneca , 1 Medimmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
                [17 ]Certara Predictive Technologies, Level 2-Acero, Simcyp, Ltd. , 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, United Kingdom
                [18 ]Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. , West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
                [19 ]Pharmetheus , Uppsala 752 37, Sweden
                [20 ]Pharmaceutical Drugs Directorate (PDD), Health Canada , 1600 Scott St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
                [21 ]Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
                [22 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Translational Drug Discovery and Development, Uppsala University , SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3897-337X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-667X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-221X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-5719
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1224-0629
                https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2322-1861
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1144-0629
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2180-5452
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-4314
                Article
                10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c01148
                11707736
                39680866
                f63182d3-eef1-4832-8aaa-76df3897cbf8
                © 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

                Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 08 October 2024
                : 21 November 2024
                : 20 November 2024
                Funding
                Funded by: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, doi 10.13039/100000038;
                Award ID: 5U01FD005946
                Categories
                Perspective
                Custom metadata
                mp4c01148
                mp4c01148

                Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                pbbm (physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling),pbpk (physiologically based pharmacokinetics),virtual bioequivalence (vbe),dissolution safe space,generic product development,regulatory applications,clinically relevant dissolution specifications (crds),drug product quality,patient centric drug product quality standards

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