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      Influence of Body Image in Women Undergoing Treatment for Breast Cancer Translated title: Influência da imagem corporal em mulheres em tratamento contra câncer de mama

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          Abstract

          Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the self-esteem of women with and without breast cancer regarding their body image.

          Methods A quantitative, case-control study in which 90 women with breast cancer were evaluated in the case group, and 77 women without breast cancer in the control group. For data collection, the body satisfaction scale (BSS), a scale adapted and validated in Brazil, and the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire were used. For the statistical analysis of the data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (IBM-SPSS, Chicago, Il, US), version 16.0 was used.

          Results Compared with the women without breast cancer, those with breast cancer were more dissatisfied with body image related to appearance. Women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were more dissatisfied with their appearance compared with those with cancer who were not undergoing this treatment. Mastectomy also accounted for more dissatisfaction concerning appearance among women who underwent the procedure compared with the women who were submitted to breast-conserving therapy.

          Conclusion Women with breast cancer were more dissatisfied with their body image compared with those without breast cancer, particularly following mastectomy or during chemotherapy. The self-esteem was found to be negatively affected in patients who were dissatisfied with their body image.

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          Resumo

          Objetivo O presente estudo investigou a influência da imagem corporal na autoestima de mulheres em tratamento de câncer de mama.

          Método Estudo caso-controle. Para o grupo caso, foram avaliadas 90 pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico e cirúrgico; e para o grupo controle, 77 mulheres sem câncer de mama. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a escala de satisfação com a imagem corporal (ESIC) e o questionário da autoestima de Rosenberg. Para a análise estatística dos dados, foi utilizado o programa Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS, Chicago, Il, EUA), versão 16.0.

          Resultados As mulheres com câncer de mama apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal relacionada à aparência do que aquelas sem câncer de mama. Aquelas em processo de quimioterapia e as submetidas a mastectomia apresentaram mais insatisfação com a sua imagem corporal relacionada à aparência do que as mulheres submetidas à cirurgia conservadora, que apresentaram maior nível de satisfação. As mulheres submetidas a reconstrução mamária não apresentaram prejuízo na percepção da sua imagem corporal relacionada à aparência. Assim, a percepção da imagem corporal relacionada à aparência pode ser influenciada pela insatisfação em casos de pacientes submetidas a mastectomia ou a quimioterapia.

          Conclusão As mulheres com câncer de mama apresentaram maior insatisfação com a sua imagem corporal do que aquelas sem câncer de mama, sobretudo após mastectomia ou durante a quimioterapia. A autoestima foi negativamente afetada em pacientes insatisfeitas com a sua imagem corporal.

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          Most cited references44

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          Body image: past, present, and future.

          T Cash (2003)
          This brief editorial article introduces the new scientific journal, Body Image: An International Journal of Research, and describes its rationale and mission in relation to the history and future of the study of body image and human appearance.
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            Measuring self-esteem in context: the importance of stability of self-esteem in psychological functioning.

            In this article, I report on a research program that has focused on the joint roles of stability and level of self-esteem in various aspects of psychological functioning. Stability of self-esteem refers to the magnitude of short-term fluctuations that people experience in their current, contextually based feelings of self-worth. In contrast, level of self-esteem refers to representations of people's general, or typical, feelings of self-worth. A considerable amount of research reveals that self-esteem stability has predictive value beyond the predictive value of self-esteem level. Moreover, considering self-esteem stability provides one way to distinguish fragile from secure forms of high self-esteem. Results from a number of studies are presented and theoretical implications are discussed.
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              Body image issues in women with breast cancer.

              Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer affects women physically as well as psychologically. There are many obvious and real factors that are related to psychological distress in women coping with breast cancer, such as facing a life-threatening illness, painful and impairing treatments, and significant role changes. Although these factors are clearly important, issues related to body image in women faced with breast cancer can also add to psychological distress. Women, in general, are concerned with their appearance, their weight, and their body, with recent studies suggesting 89% of women reported concerns with weight. Such premorbid concerns are often deeply ingrained and can contribute to psychological distress in women treated for breast cancer. The present article is a summary of the literature that has examined body image issues and related psychological adjustment in women with breast cancer. Implications for clinical practice and recommendations for future investigations are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet
                Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet
                10.1055/s-00030576
                RBGO Gynecology & Obstetrics
                Thieme-Revinter Publicações Ltda (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil )
                0100-7203
                1806-9339
                30 March 2017
                April 2017
                1 March 2017
                : 39
                : 4
                : 175-183
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Program of Mastology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
                [2 ]Department of Food Technology, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
                [3 ]Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence Ana Carolina Lagos Prates, MSc Programa de Mastologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) 1ª Avenida, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-020 – Goiânia, GoiásBrasil lagosprates@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                5804
                10.1055/s-0037-1601453
                10309320
                28359110
                f5c32806-8ab8-4731-a37f-75a92bfa62d8

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 July 2016
                : 27 January 2017
                Categories
                Original Article

                breast cancer,body image,self-esteem,câncer de mama,imagem corporal,autoestima

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