A Snapshot of Photoresponsive Liposomes in Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy: Opportunities and Challenges

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Abstract

To provide precise medical regimens, photonics technologies have been involved in the field of nanomedicine. Phototriggered liposomes have been cast as promising nanosystems that achieve controlled release of payloads in several pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. In contrast to the conventional liposomes, this photoresponsive element greatly improves therapeutic efficacy and reduces the adverse effects of gene/drug therapy during treatment. Recently, cancer immunotherpay has been one of the hot topics in the field of oncology due to the great success and therapeutic benefits that were well-recognized by the patients. However, several side effects have been encountered due to the unmonitored augmentation of the immune system. This Review highlights the most recent advancements in the development of photoresponsive liposome nanosystems in the field of oncology, with a specific emphasis on challenges and opportunities in the field of cancer immunotherapy.

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Drew M Pardoll (2012)

Among the most promising approaches to activating therapeutic antitumour immunity is the blockade of immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoints refer to a plethora of inhibitory pathways hardwired into the immune system that are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the duration and amplitude of physiological immune responses in peripheral tissues in order to minimize collateral tissue damage. It is now clear that tumours co-opt certain immune-checkpoint pathways as a major mechanism of immune resistance, particularly against T cells that are specific for tumour antigens. Because many of the immune checkpoints are initiated by ligand-receptor interactions, they can be readily blocked by antibodies or modulated by recombinant forms of ligands or receptors. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) antibodies were the first of this class of immunotherapeutics to achieve US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Preliminary clinical findings with blockers of additional immune-checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), indicate broad and diverse opportunities to enhance antitumour immunity with the potential to produce durable clinical responses.

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CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways

Elizabeth I Buchbinder, Anupam Desai (2016)

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

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Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer

Yijing Liu, Pravin Bhattarai, Zhifei Dai … (2019)

The development, perspectives, and challenges of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) via nanotheranostics for combating cancer. The nonradiative conversion of light energy into heat (photothermal therapy, PTT) or sound energy (photoacoustic imaging, PAI) has been intensively investigated for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, respectively. By taking advantage of nanocarriers, both imaging and therapeutic functions together with enhanced tumour accumulation have been thoroughly studied to improve the pre-clinical efficiency of PAI and PTT. In this review, we first summarize the development of inorganic and organic nano photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) and strategies for improving the PTT outcomes, including applying appropriate laser dosage, guiding the treatment via imaging techniques, developing PTAs with absorption in the second NIR window, increasing photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), and also increasing the accumulation of PTAs in tumours. Second, we introduce the advantages of combining PTT with other therapies in cancer treatment. Third, the emerging applications of PAI in cancer-related research are exemplified. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of PTT and PAI for combating cancer, especially regarding their clinical translation, are discussed. We believe that PTT and PAI having noteworthy features would become promising next-generation non-invasive cancer theranostic techniques and improve our ability to combat cancers.

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Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): ACS Omega

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ACS Omega

Journal ID (publisher-id): ao

Journal ID (coden): acsodf

Title: ACS Omega

Publisher: American Chemical Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2470-1343

Publication date (Electronic): 14 November 2023

Publication date Collection: 28 November 2023

Volume: 8

Issue: 47

Pages: 44424-44436

Affiliations

[† ]Biology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU) , New Administrative Capital, Cairo 4824201, Egrypt

[‡ ]Biology and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation , Cairo 11835, Egypt

[§ ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza 12613, Egypt

[∥ ]Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou 157 71, Greece

[⊥ ]Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University) , Cairo 12622, Egypt

[# ]Clinical, Pharmaceutical, and Biological Science Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield AL10 9AB, U.K.

[∇ ]Chemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation , Cairo 11835, Egypt

Author notes

[* ]Email: m.braoudaki@ 123456herts.ac.uk .

[* ]Phone: +201222613344. Email: s.fahmy@ 123456herts.ac.uk , sheriffahmy@ 123456aucegypt.edu .

[* ]Email: efthim@ 123456chem.uoa.gr .

Author information

Adham H. Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-354X

Sherif Ashraf Fahmy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-8281

Article

DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04134

PMC ID: 10688172

PubMed ID: 38046305

SO-VID: f579635d-8b64-41f7-8be9-99d8f7d47b3c

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Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

History

Date received : 11 June 2023

Date accepted : 18 August 2023

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A Snapshot of Photoresponsive Liposomes in Cancer Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy: Opportunities and Challenges

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Cancer Immunotherapy

Most cited references 106

The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy.

CTLA-4 and PD-1 Pathways

Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer

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