Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and fractures: a population-based study

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Abstract

Introduction

The weight-adjusted waist circumference index (WWI) is a novel obesity evaluation indicator that appears to be superior to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in evaluating muscle and fat mass. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between WWI and fractures among adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, multivariate logistic regression and smoothed curve fitting were used to investigate linear and nonlinear associations between WWI and fractures, based on data from 28,679 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018.

Results

After adjusting for all covariates, the prevalence of hip/wrist/spine fractures among all participants was 1.09%, 8.87%, and 1.97%, respectively. A 1-unit increase in WWI was associated with a 5% increase in the odds of hip fractures [1.05 (1.01, 1.10)], and a 9% increase in the odds of spine fractures [1.09 (1.06, 1.13)], but not with the prevalence of wrist fractures [0.97 (0.94, 1.06)].

Conclusions

Higher WWI was associated with an increased prevalence of hip fracture and spine fracture, but not wrist fracture.

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Most cited references 66

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Osteoporosis

Juliet Compston, Michael McClung, William D Leslie (2019)

Fractures resulting from osteoporosis become increasingly common in women after age 55 years and men after age 65 years, resulting in substantial bone-associated morbidities, and increased mortality and health-care costs. Research advances have led to a more accurate assessment of fracture risk and have increased the range of therapeutic options available to prevent fractures. Fracture risk algorithms that combine clinical risk factors and bone mineral density are now widely used in clinical practice to target high-risk individuals for treatment. The discovery of key pathways regulating bone resorption and formation has identified new approaches to treatment with distinctive mechanisms of action. Osteoporosis is a chronic condition and long-term, sometimes lifelong, management is required. In individuals at high risk of fracture, the benefit versus risk profile is likely to be favourable for up to 10 years of treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab. In people at a very high or imminent risk of fracture, therapy with teriparatide or abaloparatide should be considered; however, since treatment duration with these drugs is restricted to 18-24 months, treatment should be continued with an antiresorptive drug. Individuals at high risk of fractures do not receive adequate treatment and strategies to address this treatment gap-eg, widespread implementation of Fracture Liaison Services and improvement of adherence to therapy-are important challenges for the future.

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The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine.

Nicole C. Wright, Anne C Looker, Kenneth Saag … (2014)

The goal of our study was to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine in adults 50 years and older in the United States (US). We applied prevalence estimates of osteoporosis or low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine (adjusted by age, sex, and race/ethnicity to the 2010 Census) for the noninstitutionalized population aged 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 to 2010 US Census population counts to determine the total number of older US residents with osteoporosis and low bone mass. There were more than 99 million adults aged 50 years and older in the US in 2010. Based on an overall 10.3% prevalence of osteoporosis, we estimated that in 2010, 10.2 million older adults had osteoporosis. The overall low bone mass prevalence was 43.9%, from which we estimated that 43.4 million older adults had low bone mass. We estimated that 7.7 million non-Hispanic white, 0.5 million non-Hispanic black, and 0.6 million Mexican American adults had osteoporosis, and another 33.8, 2.9, and 2.0 million had low bone mass, respectively. When combined, osteoporosis and low bone mass at the femoral neck or lumbar spine affected an estimated 53.6 million older US adults in 2010. Although most of the individuals with osteoporosis or low bone mass were non-Hispanic white women, a substantial number of men and women from other racial/ethnic groups also had osteoporotic BMD or low bone mass. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic

Lindsay M. Jaacks, Stefanie Vandevijvere, An Lian Pan … (2019)

Our aim was to consolidate the evidence on the epidemiology of obesity into a conceptual model of the ‘obesity transition’. Illustrative examples from the thirty most populous countries, representing 77·5% of the world’s population, were used. Stage 1 of the obesity transition is characterised by a higher prevalence in women compared to men, in those with higher compared to lower socioeconomic status, and adults compared to children. Many countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are at this stage. In Stage 2, there is a large increase in the prevalence among adults, a smaller increase among children, and a narrowing of the gender gap and socioeconomic differences among women. Many Latin American and Middle Eastern countries are at this stage. High-income East Asian countries are also at this stage, albeit with a much lower prevalence of obesity. Stage 3 occurs when the prevalence of obesity among those with lower socioeconomic status surpasses that among those with higher socioeconomic status and plateaus in obesity may be observed among women with high socioeconomic status and children. Most European countries are currently at this stage. There are too few signs of countries entering into the proposed final stage of declining obesity prevalence to determine demographic patterns. This conceptual model is intended to provide guidance to researchers and policymakers in identifying the current stage of the obesity transition in a population, anticipate sub-populations that will experience obesity in the future, and enact proactive measures to attenuate the transition, taking into consideration local contextual factors.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Wenfu Tan: usctwf@163.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Orthop Surg Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Orthop Surg Res

Title: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1749-799X

Publication date (Electronic): 10 April 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 10 April 2023

Publication date Collection: 2023

Volume: 18

Electronic Location Identifier: 290

Affiliations

GRID grid.412017.1, ISNI 0000 0001 0266 8918, Department of Traumatic and Pediatric Orthopedics, The Affiliated Second Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, , University of South China, ; No. 30 Jiefang Road, Shigu District, Hengyang City, 421009 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China

Article

Publisher ID: 3776

DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03776-8

PMC ID: 10088134

PubMed ID: 37038167

SO-VID: f492c44c-ba4f-478f-99c3-7b3f39f87a2b

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 13 January 2023

Date accepted : 2 April 2023

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery

Keywords: weight-adjusted-waist,fracture,osteoporosis,bmi,nhanes,obesity

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Surgery

Keywords: weight-adjusted-waist, fracture, osteoporosis, bmi, nhanes, obesity

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Associations between weight-adjusted waist index and fractures: a population-based study

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Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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SICOT-J (Orthopedic surgery and traumatology)

Most cited references 66

Osteoporosis

The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine.

The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic

Author and article information

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Cited by 18

Most referenced authors 937