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      Cryptosporidium cuniculus - new records in human and kangaroo in Australia

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          Abstract

          Background

          To date, Cryptosporidium cuniculus has been found exclusively in rabbits and humans. The present study provides the first published molecular evidence for C. cuniculus in an Australian human patient as well as a kangaroo.

          Findings

          Using PCR-based sequencing of regions in the actin, 60 kDa glycoprotein ( gp60) and small subunit of ribosomal RNA ( SSU) genes, we identified a new and unique C. cuniculus genotype (akin to VbA25) from a human, and C. cuniculus genotype VbA26 from an Eastern grey kangaroo ( Macropus giganteus) in Australia.

          Conclusions

          The characterisation of these genotypes raises questions as to their potential to infect humans and/or other animals in Australia, given that C. cuniculus has been reported to cause cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in Europe.

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          Most cited references22

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          Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission.

          Ronald Fayer, Lihua Xiao (2008)
          The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.
          Article 0 comments Cited 126 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis.

            Yaoyu Feng, Lihua Xiao (2008)
            The widespread usages of molecular epidemiological tools have improved the understanding of cryptosporidiosis transmission. Much attention on zoonotic cryptosporidiosis is centered on Cryptosporidium parvum. Results of genotype surveys indicate that calves are the only major reservoir for C. parvum infections in humans. The widespread presence of human-adapted C. parvum, especially in developing countries, is revealed by recent subtyping and multilocus typing studies, which have also demonstrated the anthroponotic transmission of C. parvum subtypes shared by humans and cattle. Developing and industrialized countries differ significantly in disease burdens caused by zoonotic species and in the source of these parasites, with the former having far fewer human infections caused by C. parvum and little zoonotic transmission of this species. Exclusive anthroponotic transmission of seemingly zoonotic C. parvum subtypes was seen in Mid-Eastern countries. Other zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. are also responsible for substantial numbers of human infections in developing countries, many of which are probably transmitted by anthroponotic pathways. The lower pathogenicity of some zoonotic species in some populations supports the occurrence of different clinical spectra of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans. The use of a new generation of molecular diagnostic tools is likely to produce a more complete picture of zoonotic cryptosporidiosis.
            Article 0 comments Cited 97 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Identification of novel Cryptosporidium genotypes from the Czech Republic.

              Una Ryan, Lihua Xiao, Carolyn Read … (2003)
              Isolates of Cryptosporidium from the Czech Republic were characterized from a variety of different hosts using sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S ribosomal DNA and the heat-shock (HSP-70) gene. Analysis expanded the host range of accepted species and identified several novel genotypes, including horse, Eurasian woodcock, rabbit, and cervid genotypes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Anson V Koehler: anson.koehler@unimelb.edu.au
                Margaret J Whipp: mjwhipp@unimelb.edu.au
                Shane R Haydon: shane.haydon@melbournewater.com.au
                Robin B Gasser: robinbg@unimelb.edu.au
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Parasit Vectors
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Parasit Vectors
                Title: Parasites & Vectors
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-3305
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 October 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 October 2014
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 492
                Affiliations
                [ ]Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
                [ ]Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, Public Health Laboratory, Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
                [ ]Melbourne Water Corporation, Docklands, Victoria 3008 Australia
                Article
                Publisher ID: 492
                DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0492-8
                PMC ID: 4221722
                PubMed ID: 25359081
                SO-VID: f457be34-1622-47b3-97c0-2e2dd6df57bd
                Copyright © © Koehler et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 2 September 2014
                Date accepted : 20 October 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Short Report
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2014

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: cryptosporidium cuniculus,australia,human,kangaroo,novel genotype
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Parasitology
                Keywords: cryptosporidium cuniculus, australia, human, kangaroo, novel genotype

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