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      Surface Electromyography (sEMG) Activity of Masticatory Muscle (Masseter and Temporalis) with Three Different Types of Orthodontic Bracket

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          Abstract

          Objective

          This pre-post study is aimed at determining the effects of masticatory muscle activity (masseter and temporalis) measured via sEMG between conventional, self-ligating, and ceramic bracket after six months of orthodontic treatment.

          Methods

          A total of eighteen (18) malocclusion patients were identified. Malocclusion patients were subdivided into 3 groups based on the bracket selection (conventional, self-ligating, and ceramic bracket) with 6 patients for each group. sEMG of muscles were done using a two-channel electromyography device, where pregelled and self-adhesive electrodes (bilateral) were applied. Chewing and clenching of masseter and temporalis muscle activity were recorded for 20 s pre and 6 months of orthodontic treatment using sEMG (frequency 60 Hz). The data were analysed by using repeated measures ANOVA in IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24.0.

          Results

          Chewing and clenching for masseter muscle showed no significant difference ( P > 0.05) in sEMG activity of three types of the brackets. However, for temporalis muscle, there was a significant difference found in sEMG activity during chewing ( P < 0.05) and clenching ( P < 0.05) between these three brackets.

          Conclusion

          The activity of temporalis muscle showed significant changes in chewing and clenching, where the conventional group demonstrated better muscle activity pre and at six months of fixed appliances.

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          Most cited references26

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          Static frictional force and surface roughness of various bracket and wire combinations.

          Umal Doshi, Wasundhara Bhad (2010)
          During sliding mechanics, frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement, which must be controlled to allow application of light, continuous forces. We investigated the static frictional resistance between 3 modern orthodontic brackets-ceramic with gold-palladium slot, ceramic, and stainless steel-and 4 archwires (0.019 × 0.025-in)-stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum alloy (TMA), and low-friction colored TMA. All tests were carried out in a dry state on a universal testing machine. Surface topography of bracket slots and archwires was studied by using a scanning electron microscope and quantified by using a surface roughness testing machine (profilometer). In the scanning electron microscope measurements, the smoothest surface was the ceramic gold-palladium bracket and stainless steel wire. The profilometer quantified the surface roughness, which also was lowest for the ceramic gold-palladium bracket and stainless steel wire. The ceramic bracket with the gold-palladium slot showed the least frictional values in all combinations and could be a promising alternative to solve the problem of friction. Frictional values for colored TMA were comparable with stainless steel wires and might be a good alternative during space closure in sliding mechanics. Ceramic with gold-palladium slot bracket and colored TMA archwire seem to be a good alternative to stainless steel in space closure with sliding mechanics. Copyright © 2011 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 30 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Surface electromyography in the assessment of jaw elevator muscles.

            D. Farina, T Castroflorio, P Bracco (2008)
            Surface electromyography (EMG) allows the non-invasive investigation of the bioelectrical phenomena of muscular contraction. The clinical application of surface EMG recordings has been long debated. This paper reviews the main limitations and the current applications of the surface EMG in the investigation of jaw elevator muscles. Methodological factors associated with the recording of the surface EMG may reduce the reliability and sensitivity of this technique and may have been the cause of controversial results reported in different studies. Despite these problems, several clinical applications of surface EMG in jaw muscles are promising. Moreover, technological advances in signal detection and processing have improved the quality of the information extracted from the surface EMG and furthered our understanding of the anatomy and physiology of the stomatognathic apparatus.
            Article 0 comments Cited 28 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Electromyographic standardized indices in healthy Brazilian young adults and data reproducibility.

              C M De Felício, C Sforza, C Angelis … (2009)
              The determination of normal parameters is an important procedure in the evaluation of the stomatognathic system. We used the surface electromyography standardization protocol described by Ferrario et al. (J Oral Rehabil. 2000;27:33-40, 2006;33:341) to determine reference values of the electromyographic standardized indices for the assessment of muscular symmetry (left and right side, percentage overlapping coefficient, POC), potential lateral displacing components (unbalanced contractile activities of contralateral masseter and temporalis muscles, TC), relative activity (most prevalent pair of masticatory muscles, ATTIV) and total activity (integrated areas of the electromyographic potentials over time, IMPACT) in healthy Brazilian young adults, and the relevant data reproducibility. Electromyography of the right and left masseter and temporalis muscles was performed during maximum teeth clenching in 20 healthy subjects (10 women and 10 men, mean age 23 years, s.d. 3), free from periodontal problems, temporomandibular disorders, oro-facial myofunctional disorder, and with full permanent dentition (28 teeth at least). Data reproducibility was computed for 75% of the sample. The values obtained were POC Temporal (88.11 +/- 1.45%), POC masseter (87.11 +/- 1.60%), TC (8.79 +/- 1.20%), ATTIV (-0.33 +/- 9.65%) and IMPACT (110.40 +/- 23.69 microV/microV.s %). There were no statistical differences between test and retest values (P > 0.05). The Technical Errors of Measurement (TEM) for 50% of subjects assessed during the same session were 1.5, 1.39, 1.06, 3.83 and 10.04. For 25% of the subjects assessed after a 6-month interval, the TEM were 0.80, 1.03, 0.73, 12.70 and 19.10. For all indices, there was good reproducibility. These electromyographic indices could be used in the assessment of patients with stomatognathic dysfunction.
              Article 0 comments Cited 27 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Norma Ab Rahman:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-8554
                Mohammad K. Alam:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1752
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biomed Res Int
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMRI
                Title: BioMed Research International
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2314-6133
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-6141
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 April 2021
                Volume: 2021
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6642254
                Affiliations
                1Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
                2Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
                3Department of Medicine (Neurology), College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
                4Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
                5Anatomy Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
                6Basic Sciences and Oral Biology Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
                7Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Fernando José Dias

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-7805
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9299-8554
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7025-0414
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-1752
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-781X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4784-2577
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5962-6110
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2021/6642254
                PMC ID: 8084656
                PubMed ID: 33969121
                SO-VID: f38324ff-0dc8-4f68-8a8a-a0d0748d235c
                Copyright © Copyright © 2021 Shamima E. Nishi et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 23 December 2020
                Date revision received : 18 February 2021
                Date accepted : 21 March 2021
                Funding
                Funded by: Universiti Sains Malaysia
                Award ID: 304/PPSG/6315127
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Data availability:

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