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      Micorrização e indução de quitinases e β-1,3-glucanases e resistência à fusariose em porta-enxerto de videira Translated title: Mycorrhizal inoculation and induction of chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases and fusarium resistance in grapevine rootstock

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          Abstract

          O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de expressão de β-1,3-glucanases e quitinases nos porta-enxertos de videira SO4 e R110, respectivamente suscetível e resistente a Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis, bem como avaliar o efeito do fungo micorrízico arbuscular Glomus intraradices no crescimento, na expressão dessas enzimas e na supressão do patógeno no porta-enxerto suscetível. Foram quantificadas as atividades enzimáticas de β-1,3-glucanases e quitinases nas raízes dos porta-enxertos. Mudas do porta-enxerto SO4 receberam inóculos de G. intraradices e F. oxysporum, e foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento, atividade das duas enzimas e sintomas de doença. As atividades das enzimas nas raízes do porta-enxerto resistente aumentaram entre 0 e 5 dias após a inoculação do patógeno. A atividade de quitinases nas raízes do porta-enxerto suscetível aumentou com a inoculação do fungo micorrízico e do patógeno. A atividade de β-1,3-glucanases foi maior somente com a presença do fungo micorrízico e do patógeno. Videiras com inoculação de G. intraradices apresentaram diminuição nos sintomas de infecção por Fusarium spp., o que indica que o fungo micorrízico promove a indução de quitinases e β-1,3-glucanases especificamente na supressão ou inibição do patógeno.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the expression levels of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases in SO4 and 110 grapevine rootstocks, respectively susceptible and resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. herbemontis, as well as to evaluate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on plant growth, on enzyme expression and on pathogen suppression in the susceptible rootstock. The enzyme activities of β-1,3-glucanases and chitinases in the rootstocks roots were evaluated. Plant growth, enzyme activity, and disease symptoms were evaluated in SO4 plantlets inoculated with G. intraradices and F. oxysporum. Enzyme activities in the plant roots increased in the resistant rootstock, between 0 and 5 days after pathogen inoculation. In the susceptible rootstock, chitinase activity enhanced after the mycorrhizal fungus and the pathogen inoculations. β-1,3-glucanase activity increased only in the presence of both the mycorrhizal and the pathogenic fungi. G. intraradices-inoculated SO4 grapevine plantlets showed decreased symptoms of Fusarium infection, which indicates that the mycorrhizal fungus promotes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities leading to pathogen suppression or inhibition.

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          Most cited references29

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          Unraveling mycorrhiza-induced resistance.

          Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses have a significant impact on plant interactions with other organisms. Increased resistance to soil-borne pathogens has been widely described in mycorrhizal plants. By contrast, effects on shoot diseases largely rely on the lifestyle and challenge strategy of the attacker. Among the potential mechanisms involved in the resistance of mycorrhizal systems, the induction of plant defenses is the most controversial. During mycorrhiza formation, modulation of plant defense responses occurs, potentially through cross-talk between salicylic acid and jasmonate dependent signaling pathways. This modulation may impact plant responses to potential enemies by priming the tissues for a more efficient activation of defense mechanisms.
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            Regulation of the plant defence response in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.

            The response of plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi involves a temporal and spatial activation of different defence mechanisms. The activation and regulation of these defences have been proposed to play a role in the maintenance of the mutualistic status of the association, however, how these defences affect the functioning and development of arbuscular mycorrhiza remains unclear. A number of regulatory mechanisms of plant defence response have been described during the establishment of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, including elicitor degradation, modulation of second messenger concentration, nutritional and hormonal plant defence regulation, and activation of regulatory symbiotic gene expression. The functional characterization of these regulatory mechanisms on arbuscular mycorrhiza, including cross-talk between them, will be the aim and objective of future work on this topic.
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              A modified procedure for staining roots to detect VA mycorrhizas

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pab
                Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira
                Pesq. agropec. bras.
                Embrapa Secretaria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento; Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-204X
                1678-3921
                April 2010
                : 45
                : 4
                : 376-383
                Affiliations
                [02] Florianópolis SC orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Departamento de Engenharia Rural plovato@ 123456mbox1.ufsc.br
                [01] Lages SC orgnameEmpresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Estação Experimental de Lages murilodc@ 123456epagri.sc.gov.br
                Article
                S0100-204X2010000400005 S0100-204X(10)04500405
                f35cb6f7-94c3-4f1e-a5a3-2fef90f10343

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 February 2010
                : 11 March 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Microbiologia

                Fusarium oxysporum,Glomus,Vitis
                Fusarium oxysporum, Glomus, Vitis

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