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      The impact of COVID-19 on medical students Translated title: Der Einfluss von COVID-19 auf Medizinstudierende

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          The outbreak of COVID-19 has disrupted social order and placed a heavy burden on the healthcare system. The pandemic also has an unprecedented impact on medical students.

          Methods:

          We searched PubMed for articles related to COVID-19 and medical students from January 2020 to December 2022. A total of 5358 studies were retrieved and after screening, 176 studies were finally included in this review.

          Results:

          The impact of COVID-19 on medical students is widespread and profound. First reflected in the transformation of educational models. In the early days, education model quickly shifted from offline to online. In terms of clinical exposure, most students have been suspended from internships, while in some areas with staff shortages they have the opportunity to continue clinical work. Scientific research of medical students is also difficult to carry out due to COVID-19. The epidemic has also seriously damaged students’ mental health, and this impact won’t simply disappear with the improvement of the epidemic situation. The career intentions of medical students may also become firmer or change due to COVID-19. International medical electives have also been negatively affected by COVID-19 due to travel restriction. Even in the postpandemic era, with the gradual resumption of work, production and school, medical students are still affected in some ways by COVID-19.

          Conclusion:

          The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on both the education of medical students and their personal development. Through COVID-19, we should reflect on what models of medical education should be developed in the future. Based on the experiences learned from COVID-19, we believe that a more flexible blended education model may be the most promising.

          Zusammenfassung

          Zielsetzung:

          Der Ausbruch von COVID-19 störte die gesellschaftliche Ordnung und belastete das Gesundheitssystem immens. Die Pandemie hat zudem beispiellose Auswirkungen auf Medizinstudierende.

          Methoden:

          Wir durchsuchten PubMed nach Artikeln zu COVID-19 und Medizinstudierenden aus dem Zeitraum von Januar 2020 bis Dezember 2022. Wir fanden insgesamt 5.358 Studien, wovon nach der Auswertung 176 schließlich in diesen Überblick eingeschlossen wurden.

          Ergebnisse:

          Der Einfluss von COVID-19 auf Medizinstudierende ist weitreichend und tiefgreifend. Er wurde zunächst durch die Umwandlung der Ausbildungsmodelle deutlich: In der Frühphase wurde kurzfristig von Offline- auf Online-Unterricht umgestellt. Die Praktika im Bereich der klinischen Ausbildung wurden in den meisten Fällen unterbrochen. In einigen Gebieten, in denen Personalmangel herrschte, hatten Studierende jedoch die Gelegenheit, ihre klinische Tätigkeit fortzusetzen. Zudem ist die wissenschaftliche Forschung der Medizinstudierenden durch COVID-19 erschwert. Darüber hinaus wurde die psychische Gesundheit der Studierenden erheblich beeinträchtigt und diese Auswirkungen verschwinden nicht einfach mit der Verbesserung der epidemischen Situation. Die Berufsabsichten von Medizinstudierenden könnten durch COVID-19 verstärkt oder verändert werden. Auch internationale medizinische Wahlfächer werden durch COVID-19 aufgrund der Reisebeschränkungen negativ beeinflusst. Sogar in der Zeit nach der Pandemie mit allmählicher Wiederaufnahme von Arbeit, Produktion und Bildung werden Medizinstudierende in gewisser Hinsicht noch immer durch COVID-19 beeinträchtigt.

          Schlussfolgerung:

          Die COVID-19-Pandemie hat sowohl die Ausbildung als auch die persönliche Entwicklung von Medizinstudierenden erheblich beeinträchtigt. Sie zeigt, dass wir darüber nachdenken müssen, welche Modelle medizinischer Ausbildung künftig entwickelt werden müssen. Auf Grundlage der durch COVID-19 gewonnenen Erfahrungen sind wir der Meinung, dass ein flexibleres Blended-Learning-Modell am vielversprechendsten sein könnte.

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          Most cited references96

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          The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review

          The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 1.4 million confirmed cases and over 83,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions forced a decrease in the workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need of commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector has also seen a great demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy.
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            The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China

            Highlights • Methods of guiding students to effectively and appropriately regulate their emotions during public health emergencies and avoid losses caused by crisis events have become an urgent problem for colleges and universities. Therefore, we investigated and analyzed the mental health status of college students during the epidemic for the following purposes. (1) To evaluate the mental situation of college students during the epidemic; (2) to provide a theoretical basis for psychological interventions with college students; and (3) to provide a basis for the promulgation of national and governmental policies.
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              Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

              (2021)
              Background Before 2020, mental disorders were leading causes of the global health-related burden, with depressive and anxiety disorders being leading contributors to this burden. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has created an environment where many determinants of poor mental health are exacerbated. The need for up-to-date information on the mental health impacts of COVID-19 in a way that informs health system responses is imperative. In this study, we aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders globally in 2020. Methods We conducted a systematic review of data reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and published between Jan 1, 2020, and Jan 29, 2021. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, preprint servers, grey literature sources, and consulted experts. Eligible studies reported prevalence of depressive or anxiety disorders that were representative of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and had a pre-pandemic baseline. We used the assembled data in a meta-regression to estimate change in the prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders between pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic (using periods as defined by each study) via COVID-19 impact indicators (human mobility, daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, and daily excess mortality rate). We then used this model to estimate the change from pre-pandemic prevalence (estimated using Disease Modelling Meta-Regression version 2.1 [known as DisMod-MR 2.1]) by age, sex, and location. We used final prevalence estimates and disability weights to estimate years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Findings We identified 5683 unique data sources, of which 48 met inclusion criteria (46 studies met criteria for major depressive disorder and 27 for anxiety disorders). Two COVID-19 impact indicators, specifically daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and reductions in human mobility, were associated with increased prevalence of major depressive disorder (regression coefficient [ B ] 0·9 [95% uncertainty interval 0·1 to 1·8; p=0·029] for human mobility, 18·1 [7·9 to 28·3; p=0·0005] for daily SARS-CoV-2 infection) and anxiety disorders (0·9 [0·1 to 1·7; p=0·022] and 13·8 [10·7 to 17·0; p<0·0001]. Females were affected more by the pandemic than males ( B 0·1 [0·1 to 0·2; p=0·0001] for major depressive disorder, 0·1 [0·1 to 0·2; p=0·0001] for anxiety disorders) and younger age groups were more affected than older age groups (−0·007 [–0·009 to −0·006; p=0·0001] for major depressive disorder, −0·003 [–0·005 to −0·002; p=0·0001] for anxiety disorders). We estimated that the locations hit hardest by the pandemic in 2020, as measured with decreased human mobility and daily SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, had the greatest increases in prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. We estimated an additional 53·2 million (44·8 to 62·9) cases of major depressive disorder globally (an increase of 27·6% [25·1 to 30·3]) due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such that the total prevalence was 3152·9 cases (2722·5 to 3654·5) per 100 000 population. We also estimated an additional 76·2 million (64·3 to 90·6) cases of anxiety disorders globally (an increase of 25·6% [23·2 to 28·0]), such that the total prevalence was 4802·4 cases (4108·2 to 5588·6) per 100 000 population. Altogether, major depressive disorder caused 49·4 million (33·6 to 68·7) DALYs and anxiety disorders caused 44·5 million (30·2 to 62·5) DALYs globally in 2020. Interpretation This pandemic has created an increased urgency to strengthen mental health systems in most countries. Mitigation strategies could incorporate ways to promote mental wellbeing and target determinants of poor mental health and interventions to treat those with a mental disorder. Taking no action to address the burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders should not be an option. Funding Queensland Health, National Health and Medical Research Council, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS J Med Educ
                GMS Journal for Medical Education
                German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
                2366-5017
                15 February 2024
                2024
                : 41
                : 1
                : Doc10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
                Author notes
                *To whom correspondence should be addressed: Jianyong Lei, Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, CN-610041 Chengdu, China, Phone: 86-28-85423822, Fax: 86-28-85423822, E-mail: leijianyong@ 123456scu.edu.cn
                Article
                zma001665 Doc10 urn:nbn:de:0183-zma0016652
                10.3205/zma001665
                10946210
                38504857
                f318c2e2-fb4a-44e1-9fb6-54a5cad4f2e4
                Copyright © 2024 Wang et al.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. See license information at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 21 April 2023
                : 29 November 2023
                : 07 October 2023
                Categories
                Article

                covid-19,medical students,medical education,postepidemic era

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