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      Sobre el Concepto de Ejercicio Terapéutico. La identidad profesional y la organización de la Fisioterapia

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      Journal of MOVE and Therapeutic Science
      Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El presente manuscrito resalta el papel crítico del ejercicio terapéutico en la fisioterapia, delineando su evolución histórica y proponiendo reflexiones para mejorar su implementación en la práctica clínica, la academia y la gestión organizativa. El texto destaca figuras históricas como Per Henrik Ling, pionero del ejercicio terapéutico en el siglo XIX y fundador del Real Instituto Central de Gimnasia en Estocolmo, precursor de la fisioterapia moderna, y Mary McMillan, fundadora de la primera escuela de fisioterapia en Estados Unidos y autora del primer texto de fisioterapia en EE. UU., que introdujo explícitamente el concepto de ejercicio terapéutico. El ejercicio terapéutico se define como una amplia gama de procedimientos basados en el movimiento, utilizados para reducir la discapacidad y mejorar la capacidad funcional y aptitud física. Este se puede aplicar en procesos de prevención y recuperación de diversas condiciones, que abarcan afecciones neurológicas, cardiorrespiratorias y musculoesqueléticas. Las habilidades profesionales en fisioterapia provienen de la capacidad para diagnosticar, evaluar y asesorar a los pacientes, implementar tratamientos centrados en la terapia manual y el ejercicio terapéutico, y emplear conocimientos basados en la evidencia científica. Históricamente, el uso del ejercicio se ha erigido como uno de los pilares terapéuticos de la fisioterapia. Sin embargo, se observa que en España los conceptos y aplicaciones de la prescripción de ejercicio aún no están completamente integrados en la academia y la práctica clínica. El manuscrito propone que es crucial reconocer estas deficiencias para consolidar, integrar y proteger las competencias relacionadas con la prescripción de ejercicio terapéutico. Sugiere que es necesario incrementar la proporción de créditos relacionados con la prescripción de ejercicio terapéutico en el currículo del grado de fisioterapia y se incluyen otras recomendaciones para mejorar la implementación del ejercicio terapéutico desde los puntos de vista clínico, académico y de gestión organizativa. ABSTRACT This manuscript emphasizes the critical role of therapeutic exercise in physical therapy, outlining its historical evolution and proposing considerations for enhancing its implementation in clinical practice, academia, and organizational management. The text highlights historical figures such as Per Henrik Ling, a pioneer of therapeutic exercise in the 19th century and founder of the Royal Central Institute of Gymnastics in Stockholm, a precursor of modern physiotherapy, and Mary McMillan, the founder of the first school of physical therapy in the United States and author of the first physiotherapy text in the U.S., who explicitly introduced the concept of therapeutic exercise. The manuscript defines therapeutic exercise as a broad range of movement-based procedures, used to decrease disability and enhance functional capacity and physical fitness. It can be applied in the prevention and recovery processes of various conditions, encompassing neurological, cardiorespiratory, and musculoskeletal ailments. Professional skills in physiotherapy derive from the ability to diagnose, evaluate, and advise patients, implement treatments centered on manual therapy and therapeutic exercise, and employ knowledge based on scientific evidence. Historically, the use of exercise has emerged as one of the therapeutic pillars of physical therapy. However, it is noted that in Spain, the concepts and applications of exercise prescription are not yet fully integrated into academia and clinical practice. The manuscript proposes that it is crucial to acknowledge these deficiencies to consolidate, integrate, and protect competencies related to therapeutic exercise prescription. It suggests that it is necessary to increase the proportion of credits related to therapeutic exercise prescription in the physiotherapy degree curriculum and includes other recommendations to improve the implementation of therapeutic exercise from clinical, academic, and organizational management perspectives.

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          Most cited references23

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          The history of "Exercise Is Medicine" in ancient civilizations.

          In 2007, the American College of Sports Medicine, with endorsement from the American Medical Association and the Office of the Surgeon General, launched a global initiative to mobilize physicians, healthcare professionals and providers, and educators to promote exercise in their practice or activities to prevent, reduce, manage, or treat diseases that impact health and the quality of life in humans. Emerging from this initiative, termed Exercise Is Medicine, has been an extensively documented position stand by the American College of Sports Medicine that recommended healthy adults perform 150 min of moderate dynamic exercise per week. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the foundation for this global initiative and its exercise prescription for health and disease prevention has roots that began in antiquity more than two millennia ago. Individuals and concepts to remember are that Susruta of India was the first “recorded” physician to prescribe moderate daily exercise, Hippocrates of Greece was the first “recorded” physician to provide a written exercise prescription for a patient suffering from consumption, and the global influence of Galen from Rome combined with his recommendation on the use of exercise for patients in the management of disease prevailed until the 16th century. Historically intertwined with these concepts was exercise being advocated by select physicians to minimize the health problems associated with obesity, diabetes, and inactivity.
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            Portrait of the physiotherapy profession.

            As a profession integral to health promotion, prevention, acute care and rehabilitation physiotherapy plays an essential role in the health care system. This paper explores the nature of physiotherapy, the role of physiotherapy in health care, the practice of physiotherapy internationally, the education of physiotherapists, the regulation of physiotherapy practice and the maintenance of practice standards.
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              Disease-specific knowledge and clinical skills required by community-based physiotherapists to co-manage patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

              While strong evidence supports the role of physiotherapy in the co-management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it remains unclear what constitutes the essential disease-specific knowledge and clinical skills required by community-based physiotherapists to effectively and safely deliver recommended care. This study aimed to identify essential disease-specific knowledge and skills, link these with evidence from clinical guidelines, and broadly determine the professional development (PD) needs and confidence related to the management of RA among physiotherapists. An international Delphi panel of rheumatologists, physiotherapists, and consumers (n = 27) identified essential disease-specific knowledge and clinical skills over 3 rounds. Physiotherapy-relevant recommendations from high-quality, contemporary clinical guidelines were linked to Delphi responses. Finally, an e-survey of PD needs among registered physiotherapists (n = 285) was undertaken. Overarching themes identified by the Delphi panel across the RA disease stages included the need for excellent communication, the importance of a multidisciplinary team and early referral, adoption of chronic disease management principles, and disease monitoring. Of the essential Delphi themes, 86.7% aligned with clinical guideline recommendations. Up to 77.5% of physiotherapists reported not being confident in managing patients with RA. Across the range of essential knowledge and skills themes, 45.1-93.5% and 71.1-95.2% of respondents, respectively, indicated they would benefit from or definitely need PD. To effectively manage RA, community-based physiotherapists require excellent communication skills and disease-specific knowledge, including understanding the role of the multidisciplinary team and the principles of early referral, chronic disease management, and monitoring. Physiotherapists identified a need for PD to develop these skills. Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Rheumatology.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of MOVE and Therapeutic Science
                MOVE
                Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios
                2695-6330
                August 09 2023
                August 09 2023
                : 5
                : 1
                : 504-515
                Article
                10.37382/jomts.v5i1.1056
                f30899e3-219b-4605-af17-170017ddce1a
                © 2023

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

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