Estratégias de cuidados paliativos no manejo de pessoas com casos graves da COVID-19

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Abstract

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as estratégias assistenciais em cuidados paliativos desenvolvidas na pandemia de COVID-19 aos pacientes graves e familiares. Métodos: revisão integrativa, realizada em agosto de 2021 e atualizada em abril de 2022, nas bases de dados Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science, e apresentadas no fluxograma PRISMA. Resultados: foram selecionados treze trabalhos para leitura e análise de conteúdo, dos quais emergiram as duas principais temáticas que traduzem a realidade evidenciada neste contexto: O advento súbito da COVID-19 com impactos nos cuidados paliativos; e, As estratégias utilizadas em cuidados paliativos para amenizar esses impactos. Considerações Finais: os cuidados paliativos se convergem na melhor estratégia de prestação de atendimento à saúde, usados como um acalento para trazer alívio e conforto aos pacientes e às famílias.

Abstract

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las estrategias asistenciales en cuidados paliativos desarrolladas en la pandemia de COVID-19 para pacientes críticos y sus familias. Métodos: revisión integradora, realizada en agosto de 2021 y actualizada en abril de 2022, en las bases de datos Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science, y presentado en el diagrama de flujo PRISMA. Resultados: se seleccionaron trece obras para lectura y análisis de contenido, de las cuales surgieron dos temas principales que reflejan la realidad evidenciada en este contexto: El advenimiento repentino de la COVID-19 con impactos en los cuidados paliativos; y Las estrategias utilizadas en cuidados paliativos para mitigar estos impactos. Consideraciones Finales: los cuidados paliativos son la mejor estrategia para brindar atención en salud, utilizados como un consuelo para brindar alivio y comodidad a los pacientes y familiares”.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the assistance strategies in palliative care developed in the COVID-19 pandemic for critically ill patients and their families. Methods: an integrative review carried out in August 2021 and updated in April 2022 in the Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science databases, and presented in the PRISMA flowchart. Results: thirteen works were selected for reading and content analysis, from which emerged the two main themes that reflect the reality evidenced in this context: The sudden advent of COVID-19 with impacts on palliative care; and The strategies used in palliative care to mitigate these impacts. Final Considerations: palliative care is the best strategy for providing health care, used as a comfort to bring relief and comfort to patients and families.

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The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2025)

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.

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Communication and Virtual Visiting for Families of Patients in Intensive Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A UK National Survey

Louise Rose, Lisa Yu, Joseph Casey … (2021)

Rationale: Restriction or prohibition of family visiting intensive care units (ICUs) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses substantial barriers to communication and family- and patient-centered care. Objectives: To understand how communication among families, patients, and the ICU team was enabled during the pandemic. The secondary objectives were to understand strategies used to facilitate virtual visiting and associated benefits and barriers. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, and self-administered electronic survey was sent (June 2020) to all 217 UK hospitals with at least one ICU. Results: The survey response rate was 54%; 117 of 217 hospitals (182 ICUs) responded. All hospitals imposed visiting restrictions, with visits not permitted under any circumstance in 16% of hospitals (28 ICUs); 63% (112 ICUs) of hospitals permitted family presence at the end of life. The responsibility for communicating with families shifted with decreased bedside nurse involvement. A dedicated ICU family-liaison team was established in 50% (106 ICUs) of hospitals. All but three hospitals instituted virtual visiting, although there was substantial heterogeneity in the videoconferencing platform used. Unconscious or sedated ICU patients were deemed ineligible for virtual visits in 23% of ICUs. Patients at the end of life were deemed ineligible for virtual visits in 7% of ICUs. Commonly reported benefits of virtual visiting were reducing patient psychological distress (78%), improving staff morale (68%), and reorientation of patients with delirium (47%). Common barriers to virtual visiting were related to insufficient staff time, rapid implementation of videoconferencing technology, and challenges associated with family members’ ability to use videoconferencing technology or access a device. Conclusions: Virtual visiting and dedicated communication teams were common COVID-19 pandemic innovations addressing the restrictions to family ICU visiting, and they resulted in valuable benefits in terms of patient recovery and staff morale. Enhancing access and developing a more consistent approach to family virtual ICU visits could improve the quality of care, both during and outside of pandemic conditions.

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Creating a Palliative Care Inpatient Response Plan for COVID-19—The UW Medicine Experience

James A. Fausto, Lianne Hirano, Daniel Lam … (2020)

Context The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is stressing health care systems throughout the world. Significant numbers of patients are being admitted to the hospital with severe illness, often in the setting of advanced age and underlying comorbidities. Therefore, palliative care is an important part of the response to this pandemic. The Seattle area and UW Medicine have been on the forefront of the pandemic in the U.S. Methods UW Medicine developed a strategy to implement a palliative care response for a multihospital health care system that incorporates conventional capacity, contingency capacity, and crisis capacity. The strategy was developed by our palliative care programs with input from the health care system leadership. Results In this publication, we share our multifaceted strategy to implement high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that incorporates conventional, contingency, and crisis capacity and focuses on the areas of the hospital caring for the most patients: the emergency department, intensive care units, and acute care services. The strategy focuses on key content areas, including identifying and addressing goals of care, addressing moderate and severe symptoms, and supporting family members. Conclusion Strategy planning for delivery of high-quality palliative care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic represents an important area of need for our health care systems. We share our experiences of developing such a strategy to help other institutions conduct and adapt such strategies more quickly.