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      Green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO–CuO nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity properties

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          Abstract

          In this study, a simple and green strategy was reported to prepare bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by the combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) using Sambucus nigra L. extract. The physicochemical properties of these NPs such as crystal structure, size, and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggested that these NPs contained polygonal ZnO NPs with hexagonal phase and spherical CuO NPs with monoclinic phase. The anticancer activity of the prepared bimetallic NPs was evaluated against lung and human melanoma cell lines based on MTT assay. As a result, the bimetallic ZnO/CuO NPs exhibited high toxicity on melanoma cancer cells while their toxicity on lung cancer cells was low.

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          Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiota modulatory effects of jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) polysaccharides in a colorectal cancer mouse model

          Accumulating evidence has reported that the gut microbiota could play important roles in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. Accumulating evidence has reported that the gut microbiota could play important roles in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. The nondigestible plant polysaccharides have always been fermented by the intestinal microbiota. Polysaccharides, the predominant functional composition found in jujube fruit, has been shown to inhibit carcinogenesis in animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in polysaccharides preventing carcinogenesis are still uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effects of jujube polysaccharides (JP) on intestinal microbiota, and the influence of JP on the gut flora structure was then analyzed using an AOM/DSS-induced colitis cancer mouse model, using high-throughput sequencing. Contrasted with control group, the addition of JP could ward off colon cancer by ameliorating colitis cancer-induced gut dysbiosis. In addition, there was a significant decrease in Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes post JP treatment. What's more, KEGG pathways of metabolic pathways, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and two-component system enriched the most differentially expressed genes after JP intervention for 13 weeks. These results suggested that JP showed prebiotic-like activities by positively modulating intestinal microbiota and affecting certain metabolic pathways contributing to host health. In conclusion, our results demonstrated an appreciable capability of JP to restore the gut microbiota profile altered by AOM/DSS, indicating the potential of jujube polysaccharides as promising prebiotic candidates for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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            Genotoxic potential of copper oxide nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells.

            Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are increasingly used in various applications. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress may be the cause of the cytotoxicity of CuO NPs in mammalian cells. However, little is known about the genotoxicity of CuO NPs following exposure to human cells. This study was undertaken to investigate CuO NPs induced genotoxic response through p53 pathway in human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). In addition, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress markers were also assessed. Results showed that cell viability was reduced by CuO NPs and degree of reduction was dose dependent. CuO NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner indicated by depletion of glutathione and induction of lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase. The expression of Hsp70, the first tier biomarker of cellular damage was induced by CuO NPs. Further, CuO NPs up-regulated the cell cycle checkpoint protein p53 and DNA damage repair proteins Rad51 and MSH2 expression. These results demonstrate that CuO NPs possess a genotoxic potential in A549 cells which may be mediated through oxidative stress. Our short-term exposure study of high level induction of genotoxic response of CuO NPs will need to be further investigated to determine whether long-term exposure consequences may exist for CuO NPs application. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Breast Cancer Treatment.

              Breast cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide, and the second most common cause of death from cancer in women in the United States. Risk assessment tools can identify the risk of breast cancer, and patients at high risk may be candidates for risk-reducing medications. The choice of medication varies with menopausal status. Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage. Stage 0 is ductal carcinoma in situ, which is noninvasive but progresses to invasive cancer in up to 40% of patients. Ductal carcinoma in situ is treated with lumpectomy and radiation or with mastectomy. If ductal carcinoma in situ is estrogen receptor-positive, patients may also receive endocrine therapy. Early invasive stages (I, IIa, IIb) and locally advanced stages (IIIa, IIIb, IIIc) are nonmetastatic and have three treatment phases. The preoperative phase uses systemic endocrine or immunotherapies when tumors express estrogen, progesterone, or ERBB2 receptors. Preoperative chemotherapy may also be used and is the only option when tumors have none of those three receptors. There are two options for the surgical phase with similar survival rates; a lumpectomy with radiation if the tumor can be excised completely with good cosmetic results, or a mastectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is also performed when there is suspected nodal disease. The postoperative phase includes radiation, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Postmenopausal women should also be offered postoperative bisphosphonates. Stage IV (metastatic) breast cancer is treatable but not curable. Treatment goals include improving the length and quality of life.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                mehrdad7khatami@gmail.com
                Farzaneh_farnaz2007@yahoo.com
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                6 December 2021
                6 December 2021
                2021
                : 11
                : 23479
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.460183.8, ISNI 0000 0001 0204 7871, School of Mechatronic Engineering, , Xi’an Technological University, ; Xi’an, 710021 China
                [2 ]GRID grid.444967.c, ISNI 0000 0004 0618 8761, Mechanical Engineering Department, , University of Technology, ; Baghdad, Iraq
                [3 ]GRID grid.449553.a, ISNI 0000 0004 0441 5588, Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, ; Al-Kharj, 11942 Saudi Arabia
                [4 ]GRID grid.411775.1, ISNI 0000 0004 0621 4712, Department of Basic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, , Menoufia University, ; Shebin El-Kom, 32511 Egypt
                [5 ]GRID grid.412503.1, ISNI 0000 0000 9826 9569, Department of Biotechnology, , Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, ; Kerman, Iran
                [6 ]GRID grid.411463.5, ISNI 0000 0001 0706 2472, Department of Biology, , Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, ; Tehran, Iran
                [7 ]GRID grid.429924.0, ISNI 0000 0001 0724 0339, Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, ; Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
                [8 ]GRID grid.412345.5, ISNI 0000 0000 9012 9027, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, , Sahand University of Technology, ; Tabriz, Iran
                [9 ]GRID grid.418095.1, ISNI 0000 0001 1015 3316, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, , Czech Academy of Sciences, ; Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
                [10 ]GRID grid.510756.0, ISNI 0000 0004 4649 5379, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, , Bam University of Medical Sciences, ; Bam, Iran
                [11 ]GRID grid.444944.d, ISNI 0000 0004 0384 898X, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, , Zabol University of Medical Sciences, ; Zabol, Iran
                [12 ]GRID grid.411036.1, ISNI 0000 0001 1498 685X, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, ; Isfahan, Iran
                [13 ]GRID grid.411600.2, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, ; Tehran, Iran
                [14 ]GRID grid.472293.9, ISNI 0000 0004 0493 9509, Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, , Islamic Azad University, ; Ardabil, Iran
                Article
                2937
                10.1038/s41598-021-02937-1
                8648779
                34873281
                f2ad9fb5-f5be-4ccf-8284-f1dfaf741a4a
                © The Author(s) 2021

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 21 September 2021
                : 24 November 2021
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                © The Author(s) 2021

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                biological techniques,biotechnology,chemical biology
                Uncategorized
                biological techniques, biotechnology, chemical biology

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