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      Drosophila Heartless Acts with Heartbroken/Dof in Muscle Founder Differentiation

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          Abstract

          The formation of a multi-nucleate myofibre is directed, in Drosophila, by a founder cell. In the embryo, founders are selected by Notch-mediated lateral inhibition, while during adult myogenesis this mechanism of selection does not appear to operate. We show, in the muscles of the adult abdomen, that the Fibroblast growth factor pathway mediates founder cell choice in a novel manner. We suggest that the developmental patterns of Heartbroken/Dof and Sprouty result in defining the domain and timing of activation of the Fibroblast growth factor receptor Heartless in specific myoblasts, thereby converting them into founder cells. Our results point to a way in which muscle differentiation could be initiated and define a critical developmental function for Heartbroken/Dof in myogenesis.

          Abstract

          In the fly embryo, the founder cells that direct myofibre formation are selected through Notch-mediated signaling. The authors show that in adult animals, founder cells are specified by signaling through the FGF pathway.

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          sprouty encodes a novel antagonist of FGF signaling that patterns apical branching of the Drosophila airways.

          Nir Hacohen, Susanne Kramer, David S. Sutherland … (1998)
          Antagonists of several growth factor signaling pathways play important roles in developmental patterning by limiting the range of the cognate inducer. Here, we describe an antagonist of FGF signaling that patterns apical branching of the Drosophila airways. In wild-type embryos, the Branchless FGF induces secondary branching by activating the Breathless FGF receptor near the tips of growing primary branches. In sprouty mutants, the FGF pathway is overactive and ectopic branches are induced on the stalks of primary branches. We show that FGF signaling induces sprouty expression in the nearby tip cells, and sprouty acts nonautonomously and in a competitive fashion to block signaling to the more distant stalk cells. sprouty encodes a novel cysteine-rich protein that defines a new family of putative signaling molecules that may similarly function as FGF antagonists in vertebrate development.
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            Drosophila Futsch/22C10 is a MAP1B-like protein required for dendritic and axonal development.

            Matthew J Roos, T. Hummel, C Klämbt … (2000)
            Here we report the description of the Drosophila gene futsch, which encodes a protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody 22C10 that has been widely used to visualize neuronal morphology and axonal projections. The Futsch protein is 5327 amino acids in length. It localizes to the microtubule compartment of the cell and associates with microtubules in vitro. The N- and C-terminal domains of Futsch are homologous to the vertebrate MAP1B microtubule-associated protein. The central domain of the Futsch protein is highly repetitive and shows sequence similarity to neurofilament proteins of which no Drosophila homologs have been reported. Loss-of-function analyses demonstrate that during embryogenesis Futsch is necessary for dendritic and axonal growth. Gain-of-function analyses demonstrate a functional interaction of Futsch with other MAPs. In addition, we show that during development, futsch expression is negatively regulated in nonneuronal tissues.
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              The activities of two Ets-related transcription factors required for Drosophila eye development are modulated by the Ras/MAPK pathway.

              I Rebay, R Tjian, Brannan E. O'Neill … (1994)
              We show that the activities of two Ets-related transcription factors required for normal eye development in Drosophila, pointed and yan, are regulated by the Ras1/MAPK pathway. The pointed gene codes for two related proteins, and we show that one form is a constitutive activator of transcription, while the activity of the other form is stimulated by the Ras1/MAPK pathway. Mutation of the single consensus MAPK phosphorylation site in the second form abrogates this responsiveness. yan is a negative regulator of photoreceptor determination, and genetic data suggest that it acts as an antagonist of Ras1. We demonstrate that yan can repress transcription and that this repression activity is negatively regulated by the Ras1/MAPK signal, most likely through direct phosphorylation of yan by MAPK.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): pbio
                Title: PLoS Biology
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1544-9173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-7885
                Publication date (Print): October 2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 September 2005
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: e337
                Affiliations
                [1] 1National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
                University of Cologne Germany
                Article
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030337
                PMC ID: 1197288
                PubMed ID: 16207075
                SO-VID: f277520e-7fd1-47c7-a92a-41225ce18255
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2005 Dutta et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
                History
                Date received : 17 September 2004
                Date accepted : 29 July 2005
                Related
                A Signaling Pathway at the Heart of Muscle Development
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Development
                Subject: Drosophila
                Subject: Insects
                Subject: Arthropods
                Subject: Animals
                Subject: Eukaryotes

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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