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      Rendimiento de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en función de fosfito de potasio como fertilizante foliar Translated title: Yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a function of potassium phosphite as foliar fertilizer

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          Abstract

          Resumen El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) se consume en el mundo, porque es rico en vitaminas y sales minerales. El QfosfiK® es un bioestimulante que incrementa el rendimiento y mejora la calidad de fruto en diferentes cultivos. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación foliar de fosfito de potasio sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de los cultivares de tomate Paipai y Cid. El experimento se realizó en condiciones de invernadero en la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, durante 2019 sobre un suelo vertisol, en un diseño de bloques al azar con 10 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones. Los tratamientos aplicados surgieron del arreglo factorial de los dos cultivares de tomate y cinco concentraciones de fosfito de potasio (0, 1,2, 1,5, 1,8 y 2,1 L ha-1) prorrateados en el trasplante, estado vegetativo e inicio de la etapa reproductiva. Se evaluó el número de hojas, el índice de área foliar, la tasa de asimilación neta, el rendimiento de baya y los componentes morfológicos: número de racimos y frutos. El cultivar Cid tuvo el mejor rendimiento debido al mayor número de hojas, índice de área foliar, tasa de asimilación neta y número de racimos planta-1. Respecto a las dosis, cuando se adicionó 1.2 L-1 ha-1 se optimizó la producción. La interacción cultivar × dosis reveló que la mayor cantidad de fruto la logró Cid (3.18 kg planta-1) cuando se añadieron 1.2 L ha-1 de producto, mientras qué, Paipai con 1.5 L ha-1 produjo 2.74 kg planta-1.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is consumed worldwide as it is rich in vitamins and mineral salts. QfosfiK® is a biostimulant that increases yield and improves fruit quality in different crops. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium phosphite on the growth and yield of tomato cultivars Paipai and Cid. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, during 2019 on a vertisol soil, in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments applied arose from the factorial arrangement of the two tomato cultivars and five concentrations of potassium phosphite (0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.5, 1.8 and 2.1 L ha-1) prorated at transplanting, vegetative stage and beginning of the reproductive stage. Leaf number, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, berry yield and morphological components: number of clusters and fruit were evaluated. The cultivar Cid had the best yield due to the highest number of leaves, leaf area index, net assimilation rate and number of bunches plant-1. Regarding the doses, when 1.2 L ha-1 was added, yield was optimized. The cultivar × dose interaction revealed that the highest fruit yield was achieved by Cid (3.18 kg plant-1) when 1.2 L ha-1 of product was added, while Paipai with 1.5 L ha-1 produced 2.74 kg plant-1.

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          Phosphite: a novel P fertilizer for weed management and pathogen control

          Summary The availability of orthophosphate (Pi) is a key determinant of crop productivity because its accessibility to plants is poor due to its conversion to unavailable forms. Weed's competition for this essential macronutrient further reduces its bio‐availability. To compensate for the low Pi use efficiency and address the weed hazard, excess Pi fertilizers and herbicides are routinely applied, resulting in increased production costs, soil degradation and eutrophication. These outcomes necessitate the identification of a suitable alternate technology that can address the problems associated with the overuse of Pi‐based fertilizers and herbicides in agriculture. The present review focuses on phosphite (Phi) as a novel molecule for its utility as a fertilizer, herbicide, biostimulant and biocide in modern agriculture. The use of Phi‐based fertilization will help to reduce the consumption of Pi fertilizers and facilitate weed and pathogen control using the same molecule, thereby providing significant advantages over current orthophosphate‐based fertilization.
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            Biostimulants Application: A Low Input Cropping Management Tool for Sustainable Farming of Vegetables

            Biostimulants, are a diverse class of compounds including substances or microorganism which have positive impacts on plant growth, yield and chemical composition as well as boosting effects to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. The major plant biostimulants are hydrolysates of plant or animal protein and other compounds that contain nitrogen, humic substances, extracts of seaweeds, biopolymers, compounds of microbial origin, phosphite, and silicon, among others. The mechanisms involved in the protective effects of biostimulants are varied depending on the compound and/or crop and mostly related with improved physiological processes and plant morphology aspects such as the enhanced root formation and elongation, increased nutrient uptake, improvement in seed germination rates and better crop establishment, increased cation exchange, decreased leaching, detoxification of heavy metals, mechanisms involved in stomatal conductance and plant transpiration or the stimulation of plant immune systems against stressors. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the application of plant biostimulants on different crops within the framework of sustainable crop management, aiming to gather critical information regarding their positive effects on plant growth and yield, as well as on the quality of the final product. Moreover, the main limitations of such practice as well as the future prospects of biostimulants research will be presented.
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              Net Assimilation Rate Determines the Growth Rates of 14 Species of Subtropical Forest Trees

              Growth rates are of fundamental importance for plants, as individual size affects myriad ecological processes. We determined the factors that generate variation in RGR among 14 species of trees and shrubs that are abundant in subtropical Chinese forests. We grew seedlings for two years at four light levels in a shade-house experiment. We monitored the growth of every juvenile plant every two weeks. After one and two years, we destructively harvested individuals and measured their functional traits and gas-exchange rates. After calculating individual biomass trajectories, we estimated relative growth rates using nonlinear growth functions. We decomposed the variance in log(RGR) to evaluate the relationships of RGR with its components: specific leaf area (SLA), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR). We found that variation in NAR was the primary determinant of variation in RGR at all light levels, whereas SLA and LMR made smaller contributions. Furthermore, NAR was strongly and positively associated with area-based photosynthetic rate and leaf nitrogen content. Photosynthetic rate and leaf nitrogen concentration can, therefore, be good predictors of growth in woody species.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                era
                Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios
                Ecosistemas y recur. agropecuarios
                Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado (Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico )
                2007-9028
                2007-901X
                August 2023
                : 10
                : 2
                : e3543
                Affiliations
                [2] Toluca orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Fitomejoramiento Mexico
                [1] Toluca orgnameUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de México orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Mexico
                Article
                S2007-90282023000200016 S2007-9028(23)01000200016
                10.19136/era.a10n2.3543
                f2715f5d-6968-4338-ad66-9f67da726488

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 June 2023
                : 22 November 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                fosfato,bioestimulante,Ácido fosforoso,nutrient,phosphate,fertilizer,bio-stimulant,nutrimento,fertilizante,Phosphorous acid

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