The role of Exosomal miRNAs in cancer

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Abstract

Exosomal miRNAs have attracted much attention due to their critical role in regulating genes and the altered expression of miRNAs in virtually all cancers affecting humans (Sun et al. in Mol Cancer 17(1):14, 2018). Exosomal miRNAs modulate processes that interfere with cancer immunity and microenvironment, and are significantly involved in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. Fully investigating the detailed mechanism of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of various cancers could help not only in the treatment of cancers but also in the prevention of malignant diseases. The current review highlighted recently published advances regarding cancer-derived exosomes, e.g., sorting and delivery mechanisms for RNAs. Exosomal miRNAs that modulate cancer cell-to-cell communication, impacting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and multiple biological features, were discussed. Finally, the potential role of exosomal miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers was summarized, as well as their usefulness in detecting cancer resistance to therapeutic agents.

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The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

Raghu Kalluri, Valerie LeBleu (2020)

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of ~100 nanometers, are a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes involves their origin in endosomes, and subsequent interactions with other intracellular vesicles and organelles generate the final content of the exosomes. Their diverse constituents include nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, amino acids, and metabolites, which can reflect their cell of origin. In various diseases, exosomes offer a window into altered cellular or tissue states, and their detection in biological fluids potentially offers a multicomponent diagnostic readout. The efficient exchange of cellular components through exosomes can inform their applied use in designing exosome-based therapeutics.

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An overview of microRNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods

Kioomars Saliminejad, Hamid Khorram Khorshid, Shahrzad Soleymani Fard … (2019)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs, which function in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. They are powerful regulators of various cellular activities including cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. They have been linked to many diseases, and currently miRNA-mediated clinical trial has shown promising results for treatment of cancer and viral infection. This review provides an overview and update on miRNAs biogenesis, regulation of miRNAs expression, their biological functions, and role of miRNAs in epigenetics and cell-cell communication. In addition, alteration of miRNAs following exercise, their association with diseases, and therapeutic potential will be explained. Finally, miRNA bioinformatics tools and conventional methods for miRNA detection and quantification will be discussed.

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The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Oncology

Frank J Slack, Arul M Chinnaiyan (2019)

For decades, research into cancer biology focused on the involvement of protein-coding genes. Only recently was it discovered that an entire class of molecules, termed non-coding RNA (ncRNA), plays key regulatory roles in shaping cellular activity. An explosion of studies into ncRNA biology has since shown that they represent a diverse and prevalent group of RNAs including both oncogenic molecules and those that work in a tumor suppressive manner. As a result, hundreds of cancer-focused clinical trials involving ncRNAs as novel biomarkers or therapies have begun, and these are likely just the beginning. Slack and Chinnaiyan explore the diverse and context-dependent roles of ncRNAs, including circRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs, piRNAs, and tsRNAs, in cancer. They provide insight into the prospect of therapeutic targeting and use of ncRNAs as biomarkers with an up-to-date summary of clinical and preclinical studies.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Cao Cai: fangzecai@126.com

Weihua Li:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4644

liweihua@ccmu.edu.cn

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Transl Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Transl Med

Title: Journal of Translational Medicine

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1479-5876

Publication date (Electronic): 3 January 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 3 January 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 20

Electronic Location Identifier: 6

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.414379.c, Fengtai District, , YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, ; NO. 8, Xitoutiao, Youanmen wai, Beijing, China

[2 ]Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China

[3 ]GRID grid.216417.7, ISNI 0000 0001 0379 7164, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, ; Changsha, China

[4 ]GRID grid.413851.a, ISNI 0000 0000 8977 8425, Chengde Medical University, ; Chengde, China

Author information

Weihua Li http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4644

Article

Publisher ID: 3215

DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03215-4

PMC ID: 8722109

PubMed ID: 34980158

SO-VID: f259071f-293c-4639-8b54-6729de41706b

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 21 September 2021

Date accepted : 22 December 2021

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004826, natural science foundation of beijing municipality;

Award ID: 7212172

Award Recipient : Weihua Li

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: exosome,mirnas,cancer,treatment resistance

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: exosome, mirnas, cancer, treatment resistance

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The role of Exosomal miRNAs in cancer

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Cancer Immunotherapy

Most cited references 145

The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes

An overview of microRNAs: Biology, functions, therapeutics, and analysis methods

The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Oncology

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