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      Identification of Pm24, Pm35 and Pm37 in thirteen Egyptian bread wheat cultivars using SSR markers Translated title: Identificação de Pm24, Pm35 e Pm37 em treze egípcios cultivares de trigo utilizando marcadores microssatélites

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Powdery mildew of wheat (Triticum spp.) caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (DC) E.O. Speer Em. Marchal is one of the most important bread wheat diseases in Egypt. All the Egyptian common bread wheat cultivars are susceptible to that disease at seedling and adult stages. Breeding of resistant cultivars is the most economical and environmentally safe method to eliminate the disease and reduce crop losses. Combinations of two or more effective resistance genes may lead to better, more durable resistance to that disease. Eight Pm genes i.e. Pm2, Pm6, Pm12, Pm16, Pm24, Pm35, Pm36 and Pm37 out of 21 powdery mildew monogenic wheat lines (Pm) were resistant to 42 individual isolates of powdery mildew collected from different governorates in the Nile Delta area, Egypt, at seedling and adult stages. Only four DNA specific SSR markers (Xgwm337, Xcfd7 linked to Pm24, Pm35 and Xgwm332, Xwmc790) linked to Pm37 resistance genes were selected to detect these genes in 13 Egyptian common bread wheat cultivars. This study reveals the absence of Pm24, Pm35 and Pm37 in all the 13 Egyptian bread wheat cultivars. These results gave evidence that the Egyptian cultivars are not having resistance genes and need to further incorporate one, two or more resistant genes in a single genotype as all commercial cultivars defeated by the pathogen.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O oídio causado por Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (DC) E.O. Speer Em. Marchal é uma das doenças mais importantes do trigo (Triticum spp.) no Egito. Todos os cultivares de trigo egípcios são suscetíveis a essa doença tanto na fase jovem quanto em plantas adultas. O melhoramento genético de cultivares resistentes é o método mais econômico e ambientalmente seguro para eliminar a doença e reduzir as perdas de colheita. As combinações de dois ou mais genes de resistência podem conduzir a uma maior resistência a essa doença. Oito Pm genes (Pm2, Pm6, Pm12, Pm16, Pm24, Pm35, Pm36 e Pm37) entre 21 linhagens monogênicas de trigo foram resistentes a 42 isolados individuais de oídio coletados em diferentes províncias na área do Delta do Nilo, no Egito, em plantas jovens e adultas. Quatro marcadores microssatélites de DNA específicos, (Xgwm337, Xcfd7 ligada a Pm24, Pm35 e Xgwm332, Xwmc790) ligados a genes de resistência Pm37 foram selecionados para detectar esses genes em 13 cultivares de trigo egípcios. Nosso estudo revela a ausência de Pm24, Pm35 e Pm37 em todos os 13 cultivares de trigo egípcios. Estes resultados demonstram que os cultivares egípcios não possuem genes de resistência e necessitam incorporar um, dois ou mais genes resistentes num genótipo e nos cultivares comerciais suscetíveis ao patógeno.

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          Most cited references29

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          RFLP Mapping in Plant Breeding: New Tools for an Old Science

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            Identification of the gene Pm47 on chromosome 7BS conferring resistance to powdery mildew in the Chinese wheat landrace Hongyanglazi.

            Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is an important disease that causes substantial yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum) in China and other parts of the world. This foliar disease can be effectively managed by host resistance. The Chinese landrace Hongyanglazi from Shaanxi province is highly resistant to many Bgt isolates at the seedling stage. Genetic analysis using an F2:3 population derived from a cross between Hongyanglazi and susceptible cultivar Zhongzuo 9504 indicated that Hongyanglazi carried a single recessive gene (tentatively designated PmHYLZ) conferring its resistance to Bgt isolate E09. PmHYLZ was flanked by EST marker BE606897 and microsatellite marker Xgwm46 on chromosome 7BS at genetic distances of 1.7 and 3.6 cM, respectively. This gene differed from Pm40, also located on 7BS, by origin, linked markers, and reactions to 13 Bgt isolates. Based on these findings, PmHYLZ was permanently designated as Pm47.
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              Size of donor chromosome segments around introgressed loci and reduction of linkage drag in marker-assisted backcross programs.

              F Hospital (2001)
              This article investigates the efficiency of marker-assisted selection in reducing the length of the donor chromosome segment retained around a locus held heterozygous by backcrossing. First, the efficiency of marker-assisted selection is evaluated from the length of the donor segment in backcrossed individuals that are (double) recombinants for two markers flanking the introgressed gene on each side. Analytical expressions for the probability density function, the mean, and the variance of this length are given for any number of backcross generations, as well as numerical applications. For a given marker distance, the number of backcross generations performed has little impact on the reduction of donor segment length, except for distant markers. In practical situations, the most important parameter is the distance between the introgressed gene and the flanking markers, which should be chosen to be as closely linked as possible to the introgressed gene. Second, the minimal population sizes required to obtain double recombinants for such closely linked markers are computed and optimized in the context of a multigeneration backcross program. The results indicate that it is generally more profitable to allow for three or more successive backcross generations rather than to favor recombinations in early generations.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cagro
                Ciência e Agrotecnologia
                Ciênc. agrotec.
                Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras
                1981-1829
                June 2016
                : 40
                : 3
                : 279-287
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Benha University Egypt
                [2 ] Kafrelsheikh University Egypt
                [3 ] Plant Diseases Research Institute Egypt
                Article
                S1413-70542016000300279
                10.1590/1413-70542016403036315
                f2305e3b-526a-4c7e-83bb-47440e73f305

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-7054&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Powdery mildew,genetic control,DNA,molecular markers,Oídio,controle genético,marcadores moleculares

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