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      A interação entre humanos e não humanos nas relações de cuidado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica Translated title: Interaction between humans and non-humans in a pediatric intensive care unit Translated title: La interacción entre humanos y no-humanos en las relaciones de cuidado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrico

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          Abstract

          Resumo: A tecnologia é um elemento instrumental central no cuidado dos pacientes na terapia intensiva. O objetivo do artigo foi explorar as interpretações das interações entre os atores humanos e não humanos na produção do cuidado das crianças com condições crônicas complexas na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Secundariamente foi discutido o segredo como uma das dimensões das interações ligadas ao ambiente intensivo. De base etnográfica, com observação participante e registros em diário de campo, a pesquisa dialoga com a Teoria Ator-Rede para discutir o papel da tecnologia nas interações sociais no contexto de cuidado complexo em UTI pediátrica. Crianças, familiares e profissionais atribuíram novos sentidos e funcionalidades à tecnologia no curso da internação prolongada na UTI, ressignificando o seu papel no cuidado e assumindo-a como uma importante mediadora das interações sociais entre a vida dentro e fora do hospital. A incorporação tecnológica reconfigurou os limites da vida, os espaços físicos e simbólicos envolvendo o cuidado, e tensionou os limites entre o que é público e privado durante a internação. O segredo nesse ambiente foi atravessado pela mediação tecnológica que acrescentou novos ingredientes às relações de sociabilidade. Essa nova ordem que se instala, vinculada à interação entre humanos e não humanos, desafia as instituições de saúde e seus profissionais a repensarem seus valores, procedimentos e forma de interação para a qualificação do cuidado, que tem na incorporação tecnológica uma realidade definitiva e inovadora, nisto que podemos denominar digitalização da vida e do cuidado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Technology is a central element for patients in intensive care. The article aimed to explore the interpretations of interactions between humans and non-humans in the production of care for children with complex chronic conditions in the intensive care unit (ICU). Secondarily, the study discussed the secret as one of the dimensions of interactions associated with the intensive care setting. This was an ethnographic study with participant observation and field diary records, in dialogue with Actor-Network Theory, to discuss the role of technology in social interactions in the context of complex care in a pediatric ICU. Children, families, and professionals attributed new meanings and functionalities to the technology during prolonged stay in the ICU, redefining its role and assuming it as an important mediator in the social interactions between life inside and outside the hospital. Technological incorporation reconfigured the limits of life and the physical and symbolic spaces involving the care and stretched the limits between the public and private spheres during hospitalization. The secret in this setting was traversed by the technological mediation that added new ingredients to the relations of sociability. This new order, linked to interaction between humans and non-humans, challenges health institutions and their staff to rethink their values, procedures, and way of interacting in order to improve the patient’s care, where technological incorporation is a definitive and innovative reality in what could be called the digitization of life and care.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: La tecnología es un elemento instrumental central en la atención de los pacientes en cuidados intensivos. El objetivo del artículo fue explorar las interpretaciones de las interacciones entre los actores humanos y no-humanos en la producción del cuidado de los niños, en condiciones crónicas complejas en la unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI). Secundariamente, se discutió el secreto como una de las dimensiones de las interacciones vinculadas al ambiente intensivo. De base etnográfica, con observación participante y registros en diario de campo, la investigación dialoga con la Teoría Actor-Red para discutir el papel de la tecnología en las interacciones sociales dentro del contexto de cuidado complejo en la UCI pediátrica. Niños, familiares y profesionales atribuyeron nuevos sentidos y funcionalidades a la tecnología, en el trascurso de un internamiento prolongado en la UCI, resignificando su papel en el cuidado y asumiéndola como una importante mediadora de las interacciones sociales entre la vida dentro y fuera del hospital. La incorporación tecnológica reconfiguró los límites de la vida, los espacios físicos y simbólicos, implicando el cuidado y tensionó los límites entre lo que es público y privado durante el internamiento. El secreto en este ambiente fue atravesado por la mediación tecnológica que añadió nuevos ingredientes a las relaciones de sociabilidad. Este nuevo orden que se instala, vinculado a la interacción de humanos y no-humanos, desafía las instituciones de salud y sus profesionales a repensar sus valores, procedimientos y forma de interacción para la cualificación del cuidado, que cuenta con la incorporación tecnológica con una realidad definitiva e innovadora, en lo que podemos denominar digitalización de la vida y del cuidado.

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          Patterns and costs of health care use of children with medical complexity.

          Health care use of children with medical complexity (CMC), such as those with neurologic impairment or other complex chronic conditions (CCCs) and those with technology assistance (TA), is not well understood. The objective of the study was to evaluate health care utilization and costs in a population-based sample of CMC in Ontario, Canada. Hospital discharge data from 2005 through 2007 identified CMC. Complete health system use and costs were analyzed over the subsequent 2-year period. The study identified 15 771 hospitalized CMC (0.67% of children in Ontario); 10 340 (65.6%) had single-organ CCC, 1063 (6.7%) multiorgan CCC, 4368 (27.6%) neurologic impairment, and 1863 (11.8%) had TA. CMC saw a median of 13 outpatient physicians and 6 distinct subspecialists. Thirty-six percent received home care services. Thirty-day readmission varied from 12.6% (single CCC without TA) to 23.7% (multiple CCC with TA). CMC accounted for almost one-third of child health spending. Rehospitalization accounted for the largest proportion of subsequent costs (27.2%), followed by home care (11.3%) and physician services (6.0%). Home care costs were a much larger proportion of costs in children with TA. Children with multiple CCC with TA had costs 3.5 times higher than children with a single CCC without TA. Although a small proportion of the population, CMC account for a substantial proportion of health care costs. CMC make multiple transitions across providers and care settings and CMC with TA have higher costs and home care use. Initiatives to improve their health outcomes and decrease costs need to focus on the entire continuum of care.
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            Increasing prevalence of medically complex children in US hospitals.

            In this study we used national data to determine changes in the prevalence of hospital admissions for medically complex children over a 15-year period. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, was analyzed in 3-year increments from 1991 to 2005 to determine national trends in rates of hospitalization of children aged 8 days to 4 years with chronic conditions. Discharge diagnoses from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample were grouped into 9 categories of complex chronic conditions (CCCs). Hospitalization rates for each of the 9 CCC categories were studied both individually and in combination. Trends of children hospitalized with 2 specific disorders, cerebral palsy (CP) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with additional diagnoses in more than 1 CCC category were also examined. Hospitalization rates of children with diagnoses in more than 1 CCC category increased from 83.7 per 100,000 (1991-1993) to 166 per 100 000 (2003-2005) (P[r]<.001). The hospitalization rate of children with CP plus more than 1 CCC diagnosis increased from 7.1 to 10.4 per 100 000 (P=.002), whereas the hospitalization rates of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia plus more than 1 CCC diagnosis increased from 9.8 to 23.9 per 100,000 (P<.001). Consistent increases in hospitalization rates were noted among children with diagnoses in multiple CCC categories, whereas hospitalization rates of children with CP alone have remained stable. The relative medical complexity of hospitalized pediatric patients has increased over the past 15 years.
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              Complex chronic conditions in children and adolescents: hospitalizations in Brazil, 2013

              Abstract This article aims to estimate the extent of hospitalizations for complex chronic conditions in Brazil. Data from the Hospital Information System for 2013 were compiled according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. Hospitalization rates were estimated according to region, sex, age and disease chapter, taking into account the 2012 population as a reference, as well the percentage of highly complex procedures and mortality rates. Public hospitals treated 190,000 inpatients in 2013. The rate was highest among the population in the South of Brazil, those who were male and children under the age of one. The rate was lowest among the population in the North, females and children aged between 10 and 14years. The mean duration of hospitalization was six days, the percentage of highly complex procedures was 13.5% and the mortality rate was 1.3%. The three most common causes for hospitalizations were diseases of the respiratory system, neoplasms and diseases of the nervous system. The incidence of complex chronic conditions is 331 inwards per 100,000 children and adolescents in Brazil, with an estimate of 240,000 children and adolescents hospitalized. This panorama points to the problem as an emergent public health issue in Brazil.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0102-311X
                1678-4464
                2021
                : 37
                : 3
                : e00213519
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio de Janeiro orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2021000305008 S0102-311X(21)03700305008
                10.1590/0102-311x00213519
                f21a33c0-a90d-4d6a-8916-5e642db309cb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 November 2019
                : 05 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)
                Categories
                Artigos

                Child,Tecnología Biomédica,Familia,Niño,Família,Cuidados Críticos,Tecnologia Biomédica,Family,Criança,Biomedical Technology,Critical Care

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