ALDH1+ stem cells demonstrate more stem cell-like characteristics than CD44 <sup>+</sup>/CD24 <sup>–/low</sup> stem cells in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer

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Abstract

Background

CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low and ALDH1+ are both markers of breast cancer stem cell (BCSC), we compared the biological characteristics of CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low and ALDH1+ BCSCs in the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods

Four fresh blocks of breast cancer tissue were obtained from patients with Luminal A, Luminal B, human epidermal receptor-2 (HER2)-overexpression and triple-negative breast cancer, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to sort CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low and ALDH1+ BCSCs. The mammosphere (MS) formation experiment and NOD/SCID mouse xenograft experiment were performed to compare the self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities of CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low with those of ALDH1+ BCSCs.

Results

The proportions of CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low BCSC and ALDH1+ BCSC in Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 overexpression and triple-negative subtypes were 12.1% and 8.7%, 2.7% and 5.7%, 0.8% and 8.7%, 0.7% and 4.5%, respectively. The MS formation experiment demonstrated that ALDH1+ BCSC formed significantly more MSs than CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low BCSC in the four molecular subtypes (P<0.001). The NOD/SCID mouse xenograft experiment demonstrated that the sizes of grafted tumors formed by ALDH1+ BCSC were larger than those formed by CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low BCSC in the four molecular subtypes (P<0.05).

Conclusions

In the four molecular subtypes of breast cancer, ALDH1+ BCSC demonstrated better self-renewal and tumorigenic abilities than CD44 ⁺/CD24 ^– ^/low BCSC.

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Most cited references 23

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With increasing incidence and mortality, cancer is the leading cause of death in China and is a major public health problem. Because of China's massive population (1.37 billion), previous national incidence and mortality estimates have been limited to small samples of the population using data from the 1990s or based on a specific year. With high-quality data from an additional number of population-based registries now available through the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the authors analyzed data from 72 local, population-based cancer registries (2009-2011), representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate the number of new cases and cancer deaths for 2015. Data from 22 registries were used for trend analyses (2000-2011). The results indicated that an estimated 4292,000 new cancer cases and 2814,000 cancer deaths would occur in China in 2015, with lung cancer being the most common incident cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of cancer death. Residents of rural areas had significantly higher age-standardized (Segi population) incidence and mortality rates for all cancers combined than urban residents (213.6 per 100,000 vs 191.5 per 100,000 for incidence; 149.0 per 100,000 vs 109.5 per 100,000 for mortality, respectively). For all cancers combined, the incidence rates were stable during 2000 through 2011 for males (+0.2% per year; P = .1), whereas they increased significantly (+2.2% per year; P < .05) among females. In contrast, the mortality rates since 2006 have decreased significantly for both males (-1.4% per year; P < .05) and females (-1.1% per year; P < .05). Many of the estimated cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transl Cancer Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transl Cancer Res

Journal ID (publisher-id): TCR

Title: Translational Cancer Research

Publisher: AME Publishing Company

ISSN (Print): 2218-676X

ISSN (Electronic): 2219-6803

Publication date (Print and electronic): March 2020

Publication date (Print): March 2020

Volume: 9

Issue: 3

Pages: 1652-1659

Affiliations

[1 ]deptDepartment of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731, China;

[2 ]deptDepartment of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 611731, China;

[3 ] Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563000, China,

Author notes

Contributions: (I) Conception and design: X Zhang; (II) Administrative support: J Chen; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: J Chen; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: S Liu; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: S Liu; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

[#]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to: Xiao Zhang. Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China. Email: BCacademic@ 123456163.com ; Yingying Su. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563000, China. Email: sunny9585@ 123456163.com .

Article

Publisher ID: tcr-09-03-1652

DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.01.53

PMC ID: 8798598

PubMed ID: 35117513

SO-VID: f1eeb7ec-6659-442d-b6b3-e5a09fd21eae

License:

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

History

Date received : 12 October 2019

Date accepted : 20 December 2019

Funding

Funded by: the Doctor’s Fund of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital