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      • Record: found
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      Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption in a Patient with Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

      case-report
      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine
      Publisher: Hindawi

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          Abstract

          Haemorrhagic crusted lesions over pre-existing pemphigus vulgaris erosions should arouse suspicion of Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE). Immediate treatment with antivirals helps to prevent mortality and morbidities. Here, we report a case of a 67-year-old male who developed haemorrhagic crusted lesions on pre-existing pemphigus lesions during his hospital stay and obtained almost 90% resolution of cutaneous lesions of Pemphigus vulgaris as well as Kaposi varicelliform eruption within 2 weeks of acyclovir treatment along with the continuation of systemic steroids. We also highlight the review of the literature of other reported cases with its management.

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          Most cited references17

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          Predisposing factors and clinical features of eczema herpeticum: a retrospective analysis of 100 cases.

          S Wetzel, Bernhard Przybilla, Claudia Zoch … (2003)
          Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a widespread herpes simplex virus infection of inflamed skin, most often occurring in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). A monomorphic eruption of dome-shaped blisters and pustules in the eczematous lesions along with severe systemic illness lead to the clinical diagnosis, but atypical variants with disseminated slits may also occur. Topical use of corticosteroids is alleged to be a pathogenetic factor for EH, but predisposing factors for EH are largely unknown. Objective and methods We sought to characterize the clinical features and predisposing factors for EH. A retrospective analysis of 100 patients with EH seen from 1980 through 1996 and of 105 control patients with AD was performed. Fever and lymphopenia were associated with EH, whereas an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate was frequently seen in patients with EH and control patients who were impetiginized. In 100 patients with EH, primary herpes simplex virus infection was likely in 20 patients, and a secondary herpes simplex virus infection was suggestive in 26 patients. In all, 13 patients had a second EH, whereas 3 patients had a third EH. Patients with EH had a significantly earlier onset of AD and a significantly higher total serum IgE level than the control patients. More than 75% of the patients with EH had not received corticosteroid treatment in the 4 weeks before onset of EH. The characteristics of patients with EH are those associated with severe manifestations of AD. The majority of EH occurs in patients with untreated AD, arguing against a role for topical corticosteroids in the development of EH.
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            Valaciclovir. A review of its antiviral activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections.

            D Faulds, C Perry (1996)
            Valaciclovir, the L-valyl ester of aciclovir (acyclovir), is an oral prodrug that undergoes rapid and extensive first-pass metabolism to yield aciclovir and the essential amino acid L-valine. Aciclovir, the active antiviral component of valaciclovir, shows good in vitro activity against the herpesviruses herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, HSV-2 and varicella zoster virus. The bioavailability of aciclovir from oral valaciclovir is considerably greater than that achieved after oral aciclovir administration. Thus, valaciclovir delivers therapeutic aciclovir concentrations when administered in a less frequent oral dosage regimen than is required for aciclovir. Valaciclovir is an effective treatment for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. In a large comparative study that included patients > or = 50 years of age, valaciclovir (1000mg 3 times daily for 7 or 14 days) and oral aciclovir (800mg 5 times daily) were equally effective in achieving resolution of cutaneous zoster lesions. Importantly, valaciclovir was significantly more effective than aciclovir in reducing the duration of zoster-associated pain. Preliminary results of several studies indicate that valaciclovir (500 to 1000mg twice daily for 5 to 10 days) is as effective as aciclovir (200mg 5 times a day for 5 to 10 days) in the treatment of genital herpes. In patients with first or recurrent episodes of genital herpes, valaciclovir reduced the duration of viral shedding, hastened lesion healing and decreased lesion-associated pain. Valaciclovir was also effective in suppressing recurrent episodes of genital herpes and significantly prolonged the time to a recurrent episode of infection compared with placebo. Valaciclovir is a well tolerated drug; in herpes zoster and HSV studies its tolerability profile was similar to that of aciclovir or placebo. Valaciclovir represents and advance in antiherpes drug therapy and is a useful treatment option for patients with herpes zoster or genital herpes. It is at least as effective as aciclovir and is administered in a more convenient oral dosage regimen. Thus, valaciclovir may ultimately succeed aciclovir as a first-line treatment for genital herpes or herpes zoster.
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              Loss of ATP2A2 Allows Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection of a Human Epidermis Model by Disrupting Innate Immunity and Barrier Function

              Emi Sato, Kenji Hiromatsu, Kunihiko Murata … (2018)
              Article 0 comments Cited 9 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Bibisha Baaniya:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-1062
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Case Rep Dermatol Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Case Rep Dermatol Med
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRIDM
                Title: Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-6463
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-6471
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2020
                Volume: 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6695342
                Affiliations
                Department of Dermatology and Venerology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Jacek Cezary Szepietowski

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8466-1062
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-6885
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2020/6695342
                PMC ID: 7790587
                SO-VID: f14a0e61-31d8-4446-8fb4-07a76e91d4f0
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 Bibisha Baaniya and Sudha Agrawal.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 October 2020
                Date revision received : 19 December 2020
                Date accepted : 21 December 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology

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