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      El yacimiento paleontológico "Kamac Mayu": tafonomía y procesos de formación en el Cuaternario kárstico de la Cuenca de Calama (Región de Antofagasta-Chile) Translated title: The paleontologic site "kamac mayu": taphonomy and genesis in the karstic quaternary of the calama basin (región de antofagasta-chile)

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          Abstract

          Se presentan los resultados del análisis tafonómico efectuado a los restos fósiles del yacimiento "Kamac Mayu" (Región de Antofagasta, Chile). El registro paleofaunístico, representado por Macrauchenia cf. M. patachonica, Hippidion saldiasi, Camelidae y Xenarthra, se localizó emplazado sobre una formación exocárstica originada por disolución, desarrollada sobre la parte superior de depósitos de marga, y rellenada con depósitos de grava arenosa y arena. La disposición de las osamentas a lo largo de este canal, sugiere un escenario depositacional de muertes naturales de los animales, originadas aguas arriba de un antiguo sistema de desagüe de formaciones lagunares, siendo sus restos arrastrados diferencialmente por la corriente y depositadas en cotas levemente más bajas. La presencia de Macrauchenia cf. M. patachonica e Hippidion saldiasi sugiere una edad pleistocena tardía para los depósitos.

          Translated abstract

          The results of the taphonomic analysis of the fossil remains discovered in the paleontological site "Kamac Mayu" (Región de Antofagasta, Chile) are presented. The paleofaunistic record, represented by Macrauchenia cf. M. patachonica, Hippidion saldiasi, Camelidae and Xenarthra, was found in an exocarstic formation originated by dissolution, moulded over the superior share of loam deposits and filled up with pebbly sandstone and sandstone. The bone accumulation in the channel, suggests a depositacional scenario of natural deaths originated upstream from an old system of drained lake formations, being the fossil remains dragged differentially and deposited dowstream. The presence of Macrauchenia cf. M. patachonica and Hippidion saldiasi, suggests a late Pleistocene age for the sediments.

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Vertebrate Taphonomy

            R. Lyman (1994)
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              Time resolution in fluvial vertebrate assemblages

              Calibrating levels of time resolution that are accessible in the fossil record is important in understanding what evolutionary phenomena can be profitably studied using fossils. A model for attritional bone assemblage formation in fluvial deposits, based on observations of taphonomic processes in modern environments, provides order-of-magnitude estimates for time intervals represented in single unit, ‘contemporaneous' vertebrate samples. In order to form units with adequate material for analysis of morphological variation or paleoecological associations, it appears that bones must be spatially concentrated or stratigraphically condensed by sedimentary processes or biological agencies. In many cases this means that significant periods of time will be represented by single unit assemblages. According to predictions from modern environments, carcasses contributed through normal attrition can accumulate in the soil to ‘fossiliferous' densities over time intervals of 102–104 yrs. Attritional channel assemblages include bones from three sources: floodplain land surfaces, floodplain deposits, and the active channel, and represent time intervals on the order of 102–104 yrs. Given additional limitations on the composition of the fossil sample imposed by circumstances of preservation, outcrop availability and collecting strategy, attritional fluvial assemblages probably can be resolved only to 103 years even under the best conditions. Time intervals represented by fossils are not necessarily the same as those represented by sedimentary events in fluvial systems because bones can continue to accumulate and may be concentrated during times of erosion or non-deposition. Fluvial vertebrate assemblages of comparable taphonomic history can be used to document evolutionary changes over periods longer than their finest level of time resolution. While they may not be applicable to questions of punctuated or gradual transitions over shorter time scales, the longer-term patterns should have their own evolutionary significance.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ameg
                Ameghiniana
                Ameghiniana
                Asociación Paleontológica Argentina (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0002-7014
                1851-8044
                March 2009
                : 46
                : 1
                : 3-16
                Affiliations
                [01] Olavarría Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Programa de Doctorado
                Article
                S0002-70142009000100001
                f0f094f7-36f9-43ee-ac7f-e232cc3360c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 November 2008
                : 30 August 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 53, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Argentina


                Taphonomy,Fluvial transport,Extinct fauna,Late Pleistocene,Northern Chile,Tafonomía,Transporte fluvial,Fauna extinta,Pleistoceno tardío,Norte de Chile

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