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      Effect of hippotherapy in the global motor coordination in individuals with Down Syndrome Translated title: Efeito da equoterapia na coordenação motora global em sujeitos com Síndrome de Down

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Down syndrome (DS) of all genetic syndromes is the most common. In Hippotherapy, three-dimensional movements, provided by horse walking, awaken in the body of children with DS a large amount of sensory and neuromuscular stimuli, which directly interfere with overall development and the acquisition of motor skills. Objective: To analyze the effects of an Hippotherapy program on global motor coordination variables in individuals with DS of both genders and to compare individuals with the same syndrome who do not practice Hippotherapy. Methods: 41 individuals participated in the study, 20 of them practicing Hippotherapy (EG) and 21 who did not practice Hippotherapy (CG). The Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK) test was used, consisting of four tasks: Balance on beams, Single-lever jump, Side-jump and Transfer on platform for analysis of motor coordination for individuals. Results: Comparing the groups, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed for the Lateral Leap Motor Quotient, the EG presented a better score (114.10) than the CG (88.47), and also in the Total Motor Ratio (EG = 115.10, GC = 102.47). The individuals that practice Hippotherapy presented better results in the global motor coordination, with significant difference (p < 0.05). In EG, 5% had high global motor coordination, 40% good and 55% normal, whereas in CG only 10% had good global motor coordination and 90% normal global motor coordination. Conclusion: It can be emphasized that equine therapy presents benefits of improvement in global motor coordination. Specifically in tasks such as the balance beam, single jump and side jump, besides global motor coordination.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Introdução: A Síndrome de Down (SD), de todas as síndromes genéticas é a mais comum. Na Equoterapia, os movimentos tridimensionais, proporcionados pelo andadura do cavalo, despertam no corpo das crianças com SD uma grande quantidade de estímulos sensoriais e neuromusculares, que interferem diretamente no desenvolvimento global e na aquisição de habilidades motoras. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de um programa de Equoterapia sobre as variáveis de coordenação motora global em indivíduos com SD de ambos os gêneros e comparar indivíduos com a mesma síndrome que não praticam Equoterapia. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 41 indivíduos sendo 20 que praticavam Equoterapia (GE) e 21 que não praticavam Equoterapia (GC). Utilizou-se o teste Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK) composto por quatro tarefas: Equilíbrio sobre traves, Salto monopedal, Salto lateral e Transferência sobre plataforma para análise de coordenação motora para indivíduos. Resultados: Comparando os grupos observou-se diferença significativa (p < 0,01) para o Quociente Motor da Tarefa de Salto lateral, o GE apresentando melhor escore (114,10) em relação ao GC (88,47), e ainda, no Quociente Motor Total (GE =115,10; GC =102,47). Os indivíduos que praticam Equoterapia apresentaram melhores resultados na coordenação motora global, com diferença significativa (p < 0,05). No GE, 5% apresentaram coordenação motora global alta, 40% boa e 55% normal, já no GC, apenas 10% apresentaram coordenação motora global boa e 90% normal. Conclusão: Pode-se destacar que a equoterapia apresenta benefícios de melhora na coordenação motora global. Especificamente nas tarefas como a trave de equilíbrio, salto monopedal e salto lateral, além da coordenação motora global.

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          Horseback riding in children with cerebral palsy: effect on gross motor function.

          The effects of recreational horseback riding therapy (HBRT) on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP: spastic diplegia, spastic quadriplegia, and spastic hemiplegia) were determined in a blinded study using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Seventeen participants (nine females, eight males; mean age 9 years 10 months, SE 10 months) served as their own control. Their mean Gross Motor Function Classification System score was 2.7 (SD 0.4; range 1 to 5). HBRT was 1 hour per week for three riding sessions of 6 weeks per session (18 weeks). GMFM was determined every 6 weeks: pre-riding control period, onset of HBRT, every 6 weeks during HBRT for 18 weeks, and 6 weeks following HBRT. GMFM did not change during pre-riding control period. GMFM Total Score (Dimensions A-E) increased 7.6% (p<0.04) after 18 weeks, returning to control level 6 weeks following HBRT. GMFM Dimension E (Walking, Running, and Jumping) increased 8.7% after 12 weeks (p<0.02), 8.5% after 18 weeks (p<0.03), and remained elevated at 1.8% 6 weeks following HBRT (p<0.03). This suggests that HBRT may improve gross motor function in children with CP, which may reduce the degree of motor disability. Larger studies are needed to investigate this further, especially in children. with more severe disabilities. Horseback riding should be considered for sports therapy in children with CP.
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            Stiffness and postural stability in adults with Down syndrome.

            The purpose of this study was to characterize postural sway in quiet standing under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, and to obtain a measure of postural stiffness during quiet standing in adults with Down syndrome (DS) versus control subjects. We obtained descriptive measures from centre-of-pressure (COP) data and analysed and compared COP trajectories and postural stiffness estimates from two stochastic models, the "pinned polymer" (PP) and "inverted pendulum" (IP) models. These estimates were correlated with clinical measures of muscle tone. Our results showed that overall, estimated values for postural stiffness from both models were larger for the DS group than for normal controls. In addition, average stiffness measures were greater under the eyes-closed condition than under the eyes-open condition for the DS group. The IP model detected significant trends over trials whereas the PP model did not. Clinical assessment of muscle tone for the DS group ranged from low to high-normal and there was no significant correlation with the postural stiffness measures obtained from either model. These results suggest that individuals with DS have the ability to modulate their underlying "stiffness" under conditions of quiet standing. Furthermore, there appears to be no strong relationship between clinical measures of muscle tone and postural stiffness measures under dynamic conditions.
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              The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Horseback Riding in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

              This study investigated the effectiveness of a16-week therapeutic horseback riding (THR) program on the gross motor function measures (GMFM) and the muscle tone of hip adductors in 14 children with spastic cerebral palsy (age: 3 years, one month to 11 years, 5 months). In the first phase of 16 weeks, nine of the children received the THR in addition to their regular treatment, while the rest received their regular treatment only. In the second phase (also 16 weeks), the arrangements were reversed. After THR, some of the children improved significantly in the GMFM E (walk/run/jump) score and the total score. The effect appears to be sustained for at least 16 weeks. No effect of THR on muscle tone was noted. We conclude that THR may be beneficial for some children with spastic cerebral palsy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                fm
                Fisioterapia em Movimento
                Fisioter. mov.
                Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (Curitiba, PR, Brazil )
                1980-5918
                2017
                : 30
                : suppl 1
                : 229-240
                Affiliations
                [3] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameUniversidade de Brasília Brazil
                [4] Natal Rio Grande do Norte orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
                [1] Brasília Distrito Federal orgnameCentro Universitário de Brasília Brazil
                [2] Crato Ceará orgnameUniversidade Regional do Cariri Brazil
                Article
                S0103-51502017000500229
                10.1590/1980-5918.030.s01.ao22
                f02a3307-4531-425f-84f3-7232f5a4c2d8

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 September 2017
                : 29 June 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Equoterapia,Down Syndrome,Physiotherapy,Hippotherapy,Síndrome de Down,Fisioterapia

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